IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/aoq/ekonom/y2024i4p420-433.html

Is the relationship between foreign direct investment and energy consumption asymmetric? Empirical evidence from Türkiye

Author

Listed:
  • Cem Gökce
  • Özgür Aydoğuş

Abstract

Developing countries need foreign direct investment (FDI) to close capital and investment gaps. At the same time, however, these countries want to improve their export performance through greater openness. This paper examines whether the relationship between FDI, openness, and energy consumption are asymmetric in Türkiye. A nonlinear ARDL analysis of 38 years of data collected between 1984 and 2021 was performed for this purpose. The results show an asymmetric relationship between FDI and energy consumption in the short and long-run. The relationship between openness and energy consumption is shown to be asymmetric in the long-run, but symmetrical in the short-run. Finally, the results show that positive and negative changes in FDI and energy consumption in the same direction. These results indicate that FDI contributes to energy consumption in Türkiye. Given Türkiye’s foreign dependence on energy, it would be a strategic move to increase renewable energy consumption with economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Cem Gökce & Özgür Aydoğuş, 2024. "Is the relationship between foreign direct investment and energy consumption asymmetric? Empirical evidence from Türkiye," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, issue 4, pages 420-433.
    • Handle: RePEc:aoq:ekonom:y:2024:i:4:p:420-433
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ekonomista.pte.pl/pdf-190611-115537
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    2. Salim, Ruhul & Yao, Yao & Chen, George & Zhang, Lin, 2017. "Can foreign direct investment harness energy consumption in China? A time series investigation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 43-53.
    3. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    4. Lee, Jung Wan, 2013. "The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions and economic growth," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 483-489.
    5. Baek, Jungho, 2016. "A new look at the FDI–income–energy–environment nexus: Dynamic panel data analysis of ASEAN," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 22-27.
    6. Cole, Matthew A., 2006. "Does trade liberalization increase national energy use?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 92(1), pages 108-112, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Long, Hai & Li, Wen-Wei & Otrakçı, Caner, 2023. "Sustaining environment through natural resource and human development: Revisiting EKC curve in China through BARDL," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    2. Yongliang Zhang & Md. Qamruzzaman & Salma Karim & Ishrat Jahan, 2021. "Nexus between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Renewable Energy Consumption in BRIC Nations: The Mediating Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-29, August.
    3. Qamruzzaman, Md & Jianguo, Wei, 2020. "The asymmetric relationship between financial development, trade openness, foreign capital flows, and renewable energy consumption: Fresh evidence from panel NARDL investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 827-842.
    4. Sbia, Rashid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hamdi, Helmi, 2014. "A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 191-197.
    5. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Song, Malin & Zameer, Hashim & Jiao, Zhilun, 2020. "Public-private partnerships investment in energy as new determinant of CO2 emissions: The role of technological innovations in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Roubaud, David, 2018. "Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 843-857.
    7. Zhexuan Qin & Ilhan Ozturk, 2021. "Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption in BRICS: Assessing the Dynamic Linkage between Foreign Capital Inflows and Energy Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-17, May.
    8. Muhammad Shahbaz & Mehmet Akif Destek & Michael L. Polemis, 2018. "Do Foreign Capital and Financial Development Affect Clean Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions? Evidence from BRICS and Next-11 Countries," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 68(4), pages 20-50, October-D.
    9. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Alam, Md. Mahmudul & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Nanthakumar, Loganathan, 2019. "The Effect of Scale, Technique, Composition and Trade Openness on Energy Demand: Fresh Evidence from Malaysia," SocArXiv xy2z6, Center for Open Science.
    10. Malik, Meheroon Nisa Abdul & Masih, Mansur, 2017. "The relationship between energy consumption, financial development and economic growth: an evidence from Malaysia based on ARDL," MPRA Paper 86374, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Salim, Ruhul & Yao, Yao & Chen, George & Zhang, Lin, 2017. "Can foreign direct investment harness energy consumption in China? A time series investigation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 43-53.
    12. Afia Fahmida Daizy & Mobasshir Anjum & Md. Raied Arman & Tanzina Nazia & Nadir Shah, 2021. "Long-run Impact of Globalization, Agriculture, Industrialization and Electricity Consumption on the Environmental Quality of Bangladesh," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(6), pages 438-453.
    13. Marques, António Cardoso & Caetano, Rafaela, 2020. "The impact of foreign direct investment on emission reduction targets: Evidence from high- and middle-income countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 107-118.
    14. Muhammad Shahbaz & Amatul Razzaq Chaudhary & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad, 2020. "Is energy consumption sensitive to foreign capital inflows and currency devaluation in Pakistan?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(52), pages 5641-5658, June.
    15. repec:osf:socarx:xy2z6_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Muhammad AJMAIR & Khadim HUSSAIN & Sabahat AKRAM & Ambreen ZEB, 2017. "What determines the growth of services sector in Pakistan? A comparison of ARDL bound testing and time varying parametric estimation with general to specific approach," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 308-319, September.
    17. Naseem, N.A.M & Tan, Hui-Boon & Hamizah, M.S, 2008. "Exchange Rate Misalignment, Volatility and Import Flows in Malaysia," MPRA Paper 41571, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Esra Kaplan, 2025. "Türkiye’s Sustainability Challenge: An Empirical ARDL Analysis of the Impact of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Agricultural Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-16, July.
    19. Nisamudheen, P.P. & Shareef, K. Hassan, 2025. "The role of human capital in driving renewable energy and sustainable development in India," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    20. Verónica Cañal-Fernández & Julio Tascón Fernández, 2018. "The long run impact of foreign direct investment, exports, imports and GDP: evidence for Spain from an ARDL approach," Working Papers 0128, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
    21. Soumen Rej & Barnali Nag & Md. Emran Hossain, 2024. "Foreign Direct Investment, Income Inequality and Pollution Reduction: Policy Trilemma for India," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(1), pages 221-248, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:aoq:ekonom:y:2024:i:4:p:420-433. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tomasz Kwarcinski (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/pteeeea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.