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Les lois économiques doivent-elles s’appliquer aux biens de subsistance ?

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  • Clément, Alain

Abstract

While many very general laws exist in economics (Malthus’s law, the law of supply and demand,;Engel’s law, etc.) attesting that the scientific character of the discipline, ‘vital resources’ fall into a category of;their own and are recognised as such. This has led to the creation of knowledge and specific laws that are not;applicable and not transposable to other areas of economics (e.g. the King-Davenant law). Some economists have;even proposed to transfer ‘vital resources’ because of their specific character from the domain of economics to another;disciplinary, moral and political domain, more in relation with our way to think the role of subsistence goods in;the history of humanity. Thereby they opened the way and provided justification for other types of (normative);‘man-made’ laws and for rules and norms. It is then easier to understand why, even in today economic debates, we;talk of the ‘agricultural exception’. S’il existe de nombreuses lois très générales en économie (loi de Malthus, loi de l’offre et de la;demande, loi d’Engel, …) qui témoignent du caractère scientifique de la discipline, « les vivres »;constituent un champ spécifique, reconnu comme tel, qui débouche sur la formation d’un savoir et de;lois particulières, non applicables, non transposables à d’autres champs de l’économie (loi de;King-Davenant, par exemple). Dans le passé, un certain nombre d’économistes ont même proposé que;« les vivres » sortent du champ de l’économie, en raison de cette spécificité, et rejoignent un autre;champ disciplinaire, moral et politique, plus conforme à l’idée que nous nous faisons du rôle des;subsistances dans l’histoire de l’humanité. Ils ont ainsi ouvert la voie et la justification à d’autres types;de lois (normatives) à des règles et des normes édictées par les hommes. On comprend mieux pourquoi,;aujourd’hui encore, on parle « d’exception agricole » dans les débats économiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Clément, Alain, 2006. "Les lois économiques doivent-elles s’appliquer aux biens de subsistance ?," Cahiers d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales (CESR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 79.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:inrace:201672
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.201672
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