Extraction of Bio-Oil from The Pyrolysis of Banana Tree Waste Using A Fixed-Bed Reactor

The rapid and ongoing depletion of fossil fuel reserves is driving up energy costs and harming the environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a global energy crisis. This situation highlights the urgent need to produce renewable fuel from biomass. This research focuses on extracting bio-oil from banana tree waste under different operating conditions. In this study, the pyrolysis process of banana tree waste was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor to maintain controlled conditions and prevent unwanted cracking. To optimize the process, the effects of temperature, particle size, and nitrogen flow rate on bio-oil yield were investigated. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 ℃, with feedstock particle sizes of 0.5 – 2.0 mm and nitrogen flow rates between 0.5 and 2 liters per minute. The optimal conditions for maximizing bio-oil yield were determined. Under these conditions, the maximum bio-oil yield of 32.13% was obtained at a temperature of 500 ℃, with a particle size of 1.2 – 2.0 mm and a nitrogen flow rate of 1 liter per minute. The results also demonstrate how temperature, particle size, and nitrogen flow affect the bio-oil yield during pyrolysis. The study concludes that banana tree waste can be efficiently converted into bio-oil through proper processing, contributing to sustainable energy production while minimizing environmental impact. The chemical composition of the bio-oil was analyzed using the GC-MS technique, which identified various compounds, including phenols, acids, and other chemical components.