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Social Approval, Values, and AFDC: A Re-Examination of the Illegitimacy Debate

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Thomas J. Nechyba

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Abstract

Empirical attempts to link teenage out-of-wedlock births to the incentive structure of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) have met with mixed results. This has suggested to many researchers that, while the AFDC program contains incentives for poor women to have children out-of-wedlock, these incentives cannot be the primary culprit responsible for current levels of out-of-wedlock births. This paper presents a model that is consistent with the stylized facts and the empirical evidence but establishes a mechanism through which AFDC could in fact be the primary reason for observed levels of illegitimacy. The model is standard with one exception: How much utility individuals are able to obtain from having a child depends on the level of social approval' that is associated with having out-of-wedlock children. This social approval is a function of the fraction of individuals in all previous generations who chose to have children out-of-wedlock, where the effect of each generation diminishes with time. While the model is successful in replicating the stylized facts on AFDC and illegitimacy and establishes a link between the two through a government induced change in values,' it also demonstrates that welfare reform aimed at reducing the incentives for poor women to have out-of-wedlock births may not be as effective as policy makers who believe in a causal link between AFDC and illegitimacy might suspect.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 7240.

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Date of creation: Jul 1999
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7240

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I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Derek Neal, 2005. "Why Has Black-White Skill Convergence Stopped?," NBER Working Papers 11090, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Strulik, Holger, 2007. "Riding High - Success in Sports and the Rise of Doping Cultures," Diskussionspapiere der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Hannover dp-372, Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. [Downloadable!]
  3. Marianne Bertrand & Erzo F.P. Luttmer & Sendhil Mullainathan, 1998. "Network Effects and Welfare Cultures," NBER Working Papers 6832, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Strulik, Holger, 2008. "The Role of Poverty and Community Norms in Child Labor and Schooling Decisions," Diskussionspapiere der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Hannover dp-383, Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. [Downloadable!]
  5. Michael Baker & Emily Hanna & Jasmin Kantarevic, 2003. "The Married Widow: Marriage Penalties Matter!," NBER Working Papers 9782, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. repec:bep:eapadv:v:3:y:2003:i:1:p:1108-1108 is not listed on IDEAS
  7. Robert Moffitt, 2002. "The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program," NBER Working Papers 8749, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Charles H. Mullin & Ping Wang, 2002. "The Timing of Childbearing among Heterogeneous Women in Dynamic General Equilibrium," NBER Working Papers 9231, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Lingxin Hao & V. Joseph Hotz & Ginger Zhe Jin, 2000. "Games Daughters and Parents Play: Teenage Childbearing, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers," JCPR Working Papers 167, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
  10. repec:att:wimass:192042 is not listed on IDEAS
  11. Anandi Mani & Charles H. Mullin, 2001. "Social Approval and Teenage Childbearing," Working Papers 0103, Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University. [Downloadable!]
  12. Lingxin Hao & V. Joseph Hotz & Ginger Zhe Jin, 2000. "Games Daughters and Parents Play: Teenage Childbearing, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers," NBER Working Papers 7670, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Robert Moffitt, 2002. "Welfare Programs and Labor Supply," NBER Working Papers 9168, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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