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Markups in U.S. and Japanese Manufacturing: A Short Run Econometric Analysis

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Author Info
Catherine J. Morrison

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Abstract

In this paper a production theory-based model of firms' markup behavior is constructed. The theoretical structure is based on variants of generalized Leontief cost and expenditure functions. This structure yields a full specification of behavior from which the impacts of both supply and demand shocks on firms' markup behavior can be assessed through elasticities. Adjustment costs on both labor and capital and economies of scale are incorporated. Estimation is carried out using manufacturing data for the U.S. and Japan from 1960 through 1981. The empirical results suggest that markups for manufacturing firms in the U.S. and Japan have increased over time, but tend to be procyclical in the U.S. and countercyclical in Japan. This difference stems primarily from differential investment behavior. In addition, capacity utilization and especially returns to scale tend to counteract the short run profit potential from markup behavior, so that markups measured assuming constant returns may be biased downward. Finally, both supply and demand shocks appear to have a significant systematic impact on markups.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 2799.

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Date of creation: Dec 1989
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:2799

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  1. Michael Olive, 2002. "Is Average Variable Cost a Good Proxy for Short-Run Marginal Cost and Why is it Important?," Research Papers 0208, Macquarie University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  2. Moreno, Rosina & Lopez-Bazo, Enrique & Artis, Manuel, 2002. "Evaluating the optimality of Spanish industry (1980-1993)," ERSA conference papers ersa02p353, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  3. Matteo Manera, 2005. "Modeling Factor Demands with SEM and VAR: An Empirical Comparison," Working Papers 2005.47, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Sumru Altug & Fanny S. Demers & Michel Demers, 2004. " Tax Policy and Irreversible Investment," CDMA Working Paper Series 0404, Centre for Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  5. Susanto Basu & John Fernald, 2000. "Why Is Productivity Procyclical? Why Do We Care?," NBER Working Papers 7940, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Charlotta Groth, . "Estimating UK capital adjustment costs," Bank of England working papers 258, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  7. Richard de Abreu Lourenco & Philip Lowe, 1994. "Demand Shocks, Inflation and the Business Cycle," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp9411, Reserve Bank of Australia. [Downloadable!]
  8. Daniele Coen-Pirani, 2004. "Markups, Aggregation, and Inventory Adjustment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(5), pages 1328-1353, December. [Downloadable!]
  9. Jaramillo, F. & Schiantarelli, F. & Sembenelli, A., 1992. "Are Adjustment Costs for Labor Asymetric? An Econometric Test On Panel Data for Italy," Working Papers 92-13, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Lourdes Moreno Martín & Diego Rodríguez Rodríguez, . "Domestic and Foreign Price-Marginal Cost Margins: An Application to Spain Manufacturing Firms," Working Papers on International Economics and Finance 00-03, FEDEA. [Downloadable!]
  11. Rumen Dobrinsky & Gabor Korosi & Nikolay Markov & Laszlo Halpern, 2004. "Firms’ Price Markups and Returns to Scale in Imperfect Markets - Bulgaria and Hungary," IEHAS Discussion Papers 0412, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  12. Catherine J. Morrison, 1989. "Unraveling the Productivity Growth Slowdown in the U.S., Canada and Japan: The Effects of Subequilibrium, Scale Economies and Markup," NBER Working Papers 2993, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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