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Protective or Counter-Productive? Labor Market Institutions and the Effect of Immigration on EU Natives

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Author Info
Angrist, Joshua D. (MIT, NBER and IZA, Bonn)
Kugler, Adriana D. () (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEPR and IZA, Bonn)

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Abstract

We estimate the effect of immigrant flows on native employment in Western Europe, and then ask whether the employment consequences of immigration vary with institutions that affect labor market flexibility. Reduced flexibility may protect natives from immigrant competition in the near term, but our theoretical framework suggests that reduced flexibility is likely to increase the negative impact of immigration on equilibrium employment. In models without interactions, OLS estimates for a panel of European countries in the 1980s and 1990s show small, mostly negative immigration effects. To reduce bias from the possible endogeneity of immigration flows, we use the fact that many immigrants arriving after 1991 were refugees from the Balkan wars. An IV strategy based on variation in the number of immigrants from former Yugoslavia generates larger though mostly insignificant negative estimates. We then estimate models allowing interactions between the employment response to immigration and institutional characteristics including business entry costs. These results, limited to the sample of native men, generally suggest that reduced flexibility increases the negative impact of immigration. Many of the estimated interaction terms are significant, and imply a significant negative effect on employment in countries with restrictive institutions.

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Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 433.

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Length: 50 pages
Date of creation: Feb 2002
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Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp433

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Related research
Keywords: Immigrant absorption; European unemployment; labor market flexibility; entry costs;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
O52 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Adriana Kugler & Juan F. Jimeno & Virginia Hernanz, 2002. "Employment Consequences of Restrictive Permanent Contracts: Evidence from Spanish Labor Market Reforms," Economics Working Papers 651, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Adriana Kugler & Giovanni Pica, 2003. "Effects of Employment Protection and Product Market Regulations on the Italian Labor Market," Economics Working Papers 722, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Heather Antecol & Peter Kuhn & Stephen J. Trejo, 2006. "Assimilation via Prices or Quantities? Sources of Immigrant Earnings Growth in Australia, Canada and the United States," CReAM Discussion Paper Series 0603, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. repec:ese:iserwp: is not listed on IDEAS
  5. Amin, Mohammad & Mattoo, Aaditya, 2005. "Does temporary migration have to be permanent?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3582, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  6. Epstein, Gil S., 2002. "Informational Cascades and Decision to Migrate," IZA Discussion Papers 445, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Antecol, Heather & Kuhn, Peter & Trejo, Stephen J., 2003. "Assimilation via Prices or Quantities? Labor Market Institutions and Immigrant Earnings Growth in Australia, Canada, and the United States," IZA Discussion Papers 802, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  8. Yu-Fu Chen & Michael Funke, 2005. "Product Market Competition, Investment and Employment-Abundant versus Job-Poor Growth: A Real Options Perspective," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. Simonetta Longhi & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2006. "The Impact of Immigration on the Employment of Natives in Regional Labour Markets: A Meta-Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers 2044, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  10. Hsiao-chuan Chang, 2003. "Do Immigrants Rob Jobs? A Case Study Of Australia," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 883, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
  11. Simonetta Longhi & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2006. "The Fallacy of “Job Robbing”: A Meta-Analysis of Estimates of the Effect of Immigration on Employment," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 06-050/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
  12. Adriana Kugler adkugler@uh.edu & Giovanni Pica, 2005. "The Effects of Employment Protection on the Italian Labour Market," CSEF Working Papers 135, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
  13. Kugler, Adriana & Pica, Giovanni, 2003. "The Effects Of Employment Protection and Product Market Regulations on The Italian Labor Market," Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics 0310, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  14. Jens Hainmueller & Michael J. Hiscox, 2005. "Educated Preferences: Explaining Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe," Others 0505013, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  15. Wolf-Heimo Grieben, 2006. "Globalization with Labor Market Frictions and Non-Scale Growth," DEGIT Conference Papers c011_053, DEGIT, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  16. Adriana Kugler, 2004. "The Effect of Job Security Regulations on Labor Market Flexibility: Evidence from the Colombian Labor Market Reform," NBER Working Papers 10215, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Horst Entorf & Jochen Möbert, 2004. "The Demand for Illegal Migration and Market Outcomes," Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics 130, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (Department of Economics), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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