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Puede Explicarse el Precio Externo del Café con un Modelo Econométrico no Lineal?

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  • Franz Alberto Hamann

Abstract

El precio internacional del café, como el de la mayoría de los productos primarios se ha caracterizado por la inestabilidad y las grandes fluctuaciones. La formación del precio del café verde es un proceso complejo que depende de una multiplicidad de variables, como la calidad y disponibilidad del producto, el lugar de origen, el sitio de compra, las expectativas de precios y las características del grano(1). Adicionalmente, el mercado internacional del café esta autorizado por la existencia de pactos y acuerdos entre los países productores y consumidores del grano que buscan fundamentalmente atacar la inestabilidad del mercado. En general, las investigaciones tradicionales han intentado modelar el proceso de formación de los precios internacionales del grano mediante sistemas de ecuaciones lineales de comportamiento que describen las relaciones entre oferta y demanda. Adicionalmente, en otro tipo de estudios en los que se emplean modelos de análisis de series de tiempo se presenta el problema que el modelaje de las series se fundamenta en el supuesto implícito de la linealidad del sistema que genera la trayectoria de las variables. Esta hipótesis, conocida como paradigma de Frisch Slutsky, no está basada en ningún conocimiento a-priori de la linealidad del sistema económico (2). Este trabajo busca, en primer lugar, encontrar evidencia de la presencia de no linealidades en la serie de tiempo del precio externo del café y segundo, determinar si es conveniente describir la dinámica de los precios mediante un modelo no lineal. Para cumplir con este objetivo, el artículo se ha dividido en cinco partes. En la primera, se exponen algunas características generales del comportamiento de los precios del grano a lo largo del presente siglo. En la segunda, se realiza el proceso de detección de no-linealidades en la serie de precios externos del café colombiano mediante el cálculo de un estadístico diseñado por Brock, Dechert y Scheinkman (1994). En la exposición del procedimie
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Suggested Citation

  • Franz Alberto Hamann, 1996. "Puede Explicarse el Precio Externo del Café con un Modelo Econométrico no Lineal?," Borradores de Economia 065, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:065
    DOI: 10.32468/be.65
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baumol, William J & Benhabib, Jess, 1989. "Chaos: Significance, Mechanism, and Economic Applications," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 3(1), pages 77-105, Winter.
    2. Brock, William A., 1991. "Understanding macroeconomic time series using complex systems theory," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 119-141, June.
    3. Bullard, James & Butler, Alison, 1993. "Nonlinearity and Chaos in Economic Models: Implications for Policy Decisions," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 103(419), pages 849-867, July.
    4. Chauvet, Marcelle & Potter, Simon, 2001. "Nonlinear Risk," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(4), pages 621-646, September.
    5. Brock, William A. & Sayers, Chera L., 1988. "Is the business cycle characterized by deterministic chaos?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 71-90, July.
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