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Economic Issues in the Coexistence of Organic, Genetically Engineered (GE), and Non-GE Crops

Author

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  • Greene, Catherine
  • Wechsler, Seth J.
  • Adalja, Aaron
  • Hanson, James

Abstract

Two decades after the first genetically engineered (GE) seeds became commercially available for major field crops, GE varieties have been widely adopted for U.S. corn, soybean, cotton, canola, and sugar beet production. The small, longstanding market for organically grown food (which excludes GE seed and material) continues to expand and a market for conventionally grown foods produced without GE seed has also emerged. In order to maintain the integrity of GE-differentiated markets, organic farmers—and other farmers using non-GE seeds—employ a variety of practices to avoid the accidental mixing of GE material in their crops. This report examines organic and conventional product markets in the United States. It describes commonly used coexistence practices and discusses the economic impacts when GE material is detected in organic crops.

Suggested Citation

  • Greene, Catherine & Wechsler, Seth J. & Adalja, Aaron & Hanson, James, 2016. "Economic Issues in the Coexistence of Organic, Genetically Engineered (GE), and Non-GE Crops," Economic Information Bulletin 232929, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uersib:232929
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.232929
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jones, Michael S. & Brown, Zachary S., 2018. "Willingness-to-Pay Effects of Gene Drive Insect Use for Crop Pest Management in Diverse U.S. Market Applications," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274071, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    2. Stranieri, S. & Soregaroli, C. & Platoni, S., 2018. "Voluntary standards as transaction governance: drivers of adoption for non-GMO certification in Europe," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277391, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Fátima Quedas & João Ponte & Carlos Trindade & Maarten Punt & Justus Wesseler, 2016. "Special Issue on GMO Coexistence," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 15(1), pages 59-63, April.
    4. Saavoss, Monica & Capehart, Thomas & McBride, William D & Effland, Anne, 2021. "Trends in Production Practices and Costs of the U.S. Corn Sector," Economic Research Report 327190, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Ivelin Rizov & Gerhard Ruehl & Maren Langhof & Jonas Kathage & Emilio Rodriguez-Cerezo, 2018. "Best practice document for the coexistence of genetically modified potato with conventional and organic farming," JRC Research Reports JRC109645, Joint Research Centre.
    6. Sharon Raszap Skorbiansky & Michael K Adjemian, 2021. "Not All Thin Markets Are Alike: The Case of Organic and Non‐genetically Engineered Corn and Soybeans," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(1), pages 117-133, February.
    7. Castellari, Elena & Soregaroli, Claudio & Venus, Thomas J. & Wesseler, Justus, 2018. "Food processor and retailer non-GMO standards in the US and EU and the driving role of regulations," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 26-37.
    8. Timothy C. Durham & Tamás Mizik, 2021. "Comparative Economics of Conventional, Organic, and Alternative Agricultural Production Systems," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Thomas J. Venus & Koen Dillen & Maarten J. Punt & Justus H. H. Wesseler, 2017. "The Costs of Coexistence Measures for Genetically Modified Maize in Germany," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(2), pages 407-426, June.
    10. Carlson, Andrea & Greene, Catherine & Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon & Hitaj, Claudia & Ha, Kim & Cavigelli, Michel & Ferrier, Peyton & McBride, William, 2023. "U.S. Organic Production, Markets, Consumers, and Policy, 2000-21," USDA Miscellaneous 333551, United States Department of Agriculture.
    11. Hitaj, Claudia & Suttles, Shellye, 2016. "Trends in U.S. Agriculture's Consumption and Production of Energy: Renewable Power, Shale Energy, and Cellulosic Biomass," Economic Information Bulletin 262140, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    12. Adalja, Aaron A., 2022. "Voluntary Quality Disclosure in Credence Good Markets," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322570, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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    Keywords

    Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management;
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