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Three Decades of IPO Markets in Canada: Evolution, Risk and Return

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  • Cécile Carpentier
  • Jean‐Marc Suret

Abstract

This article explores the extent that the long‐run returns following initial public offerings (IPOs) can explain the asserted decrease in IPOs in Canada. The causes of such a decrease remain controversial, in part because of our limited knowledge of this market. We first describe in detail the evolution of Canadian IPOs on the senior and the venture stock exchanges over three decades (1986–2016). This evolution differs considerably between natural resource and non‐natural resource firms. Second, using other junior markets as a benchmark, we show that the Canadian IPO market is very particular, mainly because it lists very small firms at an early development stage. Third, using 2,145 Canadian IPOs, we provide evidence that these IPOs generate three‐year negative average abnormal returns, and more than 70 percent report negative abnormal returns. Large issuers reporting profits constitute the only subsample that provides fair returns, but they account for less than 5 percent of IPOs. Such a market probably survived for many decades because of investors' preference for skewness and the characteristics of the returns' distribution. We observe a high level of skewness of abnormal returns, consistent with the behavioral finance proposition that investors are often unduly optimistic when valuing lottery stocks. Marchés des PAPE au Canada : évolution, risque et rendement au fil de trois décennies Résumé Les auteurs examinent dans quelle mesure les rendements à long terme à la suite de premiers appels publics à l'épargne (PAPE) peuvent expliquer le déclin des PAPE au Canada. Les causes de ce déclin demeurent controversées, ce qui est en partie attribuable à notre connaissance limitée de ce marché. Les auteurs procèdent en premier lieu à une description exhaustive de l'évolution des PAPE canadiens sur la bourse principale et les bourses de croissance, durant trois décennies (1986–2016). L'évolution diffère considérablement selon que les sociétés émettrices exercent leurs activités dans le secteur des ressources naturelles ou hors de ce secteur. En deuxième lieu, en utilisant d'autres marchés de petits émetteurs comme point référence, les auteurs démontrent que le marché canadien des PAPE se distingue nettement, en particulier du fait qu'il regroupe de très petites entreprises en phase de démarrage. En troisième lieu, le rendement anormal moyen des 2 145 PAPE canadiens étudiés est négatif après trois ans. Plus de 70 pour cent de ces PAPE affichent des rendements anormaux négatifs. Les grands émetteurs faisant état de profits forment le seul sous‐groupe de PAPE à produire de rendements satisfaisants, mais ils représentent moins de 5 pour cent des PAPE. Sans doute ce marché a‐t‐il néanmoins survécu pendant plusieurs décennies en raison de la préférence des investisseurs pour l'asymétrie de la distribution des rendements et en raison des propriétés de cette distribution. Les auteurs observent un degré élevé d'asymétrie des rendements anormaux, en concordance avec la thèse de la finance comportementale selon laquelle les investisseurs sont souvent trop optimistes dans leur évaluation des actions de type loterie.

Suggested Citation

  • Cécile Carpentier & Jean‐Marc Suret, 2018. "Three Decades of IPO Markets in Canada: Evolution, Risk and Return," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), pages 123-161, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:17:y:2018:i:1:p:123-161
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12160
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    3. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-Marc Suret, 2018. "Entrepreneurs and Junior Markets: An Assessment," CIRANO Working Papers 2018s-18, CIRANO.
    4. Killins, Robert N., 2019. "An investigation of the short-term performance of the Canadian IPO market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 102-113.
    5. Valérie Revest & Alessandro Sapio, 2019. "Alternative equity markets and firm creation," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 1083-1118, July.
    6. Elkins, Hamilton & Entwistle, Gary & Schmidt, Regan N., 2021. "The influence of opportunistic capital structure disclosure in international financial reporting on nonprofessional investors," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    7. HONJO Yuji & KURIHARA Koki, 2021. "Graduation of Initial Public Offering Firms from Junior Stock Markets: Evidence from the Tokyo Stock Exchange," Discussion papers 21049, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    8. Valérie Revest & Alessandro Sapio, 2019. "Alternative equity markets and firm creation," Post-Print halshs-02169726, HAL.
    9. Carpentier, Cécile & Suret, Jean-Marc, 2019. "On the performance of a stepping-stone market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 226-239.

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