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Implied volatility surfaces: uncovering regularities for options on financial futures

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Author Info
Robert G. Tompkins
Abstract

It is well known that the implied volatilities of options on the same underlying asset differ across strike prices and terms to expiration. However, the reason for this remains unclear. Before the development of theory to explain this phenomenon, it may be helpful to better understand the empirical record of implied volatility surfaces. If regularities are discovered which are stable over time, this may aid the development of theories to explain implied volatility surfaces and provide a means to test alternative models. This paper identifies these regularities and subsequent research will examine the implications of these results. While a number of papers have examined individual option markets and identified smile patterns, it is not clear whether the conclusions found are based upon idiosyncrasies of a particular market or more generally apply to options in other markets. This research fills this gap in the literature by examining sixteen options markets on financial futures (comprising four asset classes) and compares the smile patterns across markets. Furthermore, this analysis considers a longer period of analysis than previously examined in the literature. This allows assessment of the stability of the implied volatility patterns for a variety of subperiods and testing of models outside of sample.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal The European Journal of Finance.

Volume (Year): 7 (2001)
Issue (Month): 3 (September)
Pages: 198-230
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Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:7:y:2001:i:3:p:198-230

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Related research
Keywords: Implied Volatility Surfaces Volatility Smiles Shocks Risk Neutral Processes Skewness Kurtosis Heterokurtosis;

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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    Other versions:
  2. Rubinstein, Mark, 1994. " Implied Binomial Trees," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(3), pages 771-818, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Heynen, Ronald & Kemna, Angelien & Vorst, Ton, 1994. "Analysis of the Term Structure of Implied Volatilities," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 29(01), pages 31-56, March. [Downloadable!]
  4. Neil Shephard, 2005. "Stochastic Volatility," Economics Papers 2005-W17, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford. [Downloadable!]
  5. C. J. Corrado, Tie Su, 1997. "Implied volatility skews and stock return skewness and kurtosis implied by stock option prices," European Journal of Finance, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 73-85, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Hendry, David F & Mizon, Grayham E, 1978. "Serial Correlation as a Convenient Simplification, not a Nuisance: A Comment on a Study of the Demand for Money by the Bank of England," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 88(351), pages 549-63, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A., 1976. "The valuation of options for alternative stochastic processes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 145-166. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Mizon, Grayham E., 1995. "A simple message for autocorrelation correctors: Don't," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 267-288, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Mark Rubinstein., 1994. "Implied Binomial Trees," Research Program in Finance Working Papers RPF-232, University of California at Berkeley. [Downloadable!]
  10. Dumas, Bernard J & Fleming, Jeff & Whaley, Robert E, 1996. "Implied Volatility Functions: Empirical Tests," CEPR Discussion Papers 1369, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Jackwerth, Jens Carsten & Rubinstein, Mark, 1996. " Recovering Probability Distributions from Option Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(5), pages 1611-32, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Barone-Adesi, Giovanni & Whaley, Robert E, 1987. " Efficient Analytic Approximation of American Option Values," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(2), pages 301-20, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Black, Fischer, 1976. "The pricing of commodity contracts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 167-179. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Bernard Dumas & Jeff Fleming & Robert E. Whaley, 1996. "Implied Volatility Functions: Empirical Tests," NBER Working Papers 5500, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Robert C. Merton, 1973. "Theory of Rational Option Pricing," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 4(1), pages 141-183, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Corrado, Charles J & Su, Tie, 1996. "Skewness and Kurtosis in S&P 500 Index Returns Implied by Option Prices," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association and Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 19(2), pages 175-92, Summer.
  17. Merton, Robert C., 1976. "Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 125-144. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  18. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-54, May-June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-43. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. MacBeth, James D & Merville, Larry J, 1979. "An Empirical Examination of the Black-Scholes Call Option Pricing Model," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 34(5), pages 1173-86, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Markus Haas & Stefan Mittnik & Bruce Mizrach, 2004. "Assessing Central Bank Credibility During the EMS Crises: Comparing Option and Spot Market-Based Forecasts," Departmental Working Papers 200424, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Sabrina Ecca & Michele Marchesi & Alessio Setzu, 2008. "Modeling and Simulation of an Artificial Stock Option Market," Computational Economics, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 37-53, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Amadeo Alentorn & Sheri Markose, 2006. "Removing Maturity Effects of Implied Risk Neutral Densities and Related Statistics," Economics Discussion Papers 609, University of Essex, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  4. Bruce Mizrach, 2007. "Recovering Probabilistic Information From Options Prices and the Underlying," Departmental Working Papers 200702, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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