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Optimal Ecological Management Practices (EMPs) for Minimizing the Impact of Climate Change and Watershed Degradation Due to Urbanization

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  • B. Sarma
  • A. Sarma
  • V. Singh

Abstract

Massive deforestation induced by unplanned urbanization in the hilly watersheds of Brahmaputra basin, India, has led to ecological imbalance and is gradually transforming this basin into a multi-hazard zone. Removal of green cover is also becoming a matter of global concern, as it can accelerate the adverse impacts of climate change. People coming in search of work generally reside in the hills, as they cannot afford the high cost of land in plains. This has led to deforestation of the hilly area and has resulted in increased surface erosion from the upper catchments. Though sediment and water yield from these degraded watersheds could have been minimized by implementing ecologically sustainable management practices (EMPs), such as grass land, forest land and detention pond, poor economic conditions of the people stands in the way of field implementation. On the other hand, major industries, which can be held responsible for emission of greenhouse gases, can be asked to finance greenery development in these hilly watersheds through implementation of selected EMPs to earn carbon credit for them. To convert this concept into reality, the EMP combination must be selected in such a way that it restricts sediment and water yield from the watershed within the permissible limit and maximizes its carbon sequestration capacity at minimum possible cost. Such optimal planning is a prerequisite for preparing an acceptable logical agreement between Government and private companies. Keeping this in mind, an optimization model was developed and applied to a micro watershed of Guwahati to explore its applicability in actual field. The model developed in this study provides most logical carbon credit negotiation, subject to the availability of reliable value of CO 2 sequestration for different EMPs. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

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  • B. Sarma & A. Sarma & V. Singh, 2013. "Optimal Ecological Management Practices (EMPs) for Minimizing the Impact of Climate Change and Watershed Degradation Due to Urbanization," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(11), pages 4069-4082, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:27:y:2013:i:11:p:4069-4082
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0396-y
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    1. Sagarika Patowary & Banasri Sarma & Arup Kumar Sarma, 2019. "A Revision of OPTEMP-LS Model for Selecting Optimal EMP Combination for Minimizing Sediment and Water Yield from Hilly Urban Watersheds," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(4), pages 1249-1264, March.
    2. Tewodros Assefa Nigussie & Abdusselam Altunkaynak, 2016. "Assessing the Hydrological Response of Ayamama Watershed from Urbanization Predicted under Various Landuse Policy Scenarios," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(10), pages 3427-3441, August.
    3. Sagarika Patowary & Arup Kumar Sarma, 2018. "GIS-Based Estimation of Soil Loss from Hilly Urban Area Incorporating Hill Cut Factor into RUSLE," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(10), pages 3535-3547, August.
    4. Sagarika Patowary & Arup Kumar Sarma, 2020. "Projection of urban settlement in eco-sensitive hilly areas and its impact on peak runoff," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 5833-5848, August.
    5. N. Colombani & A. Osti & G. Volta & M. Mastrocicco, 2016. "Impact of Climate Change on Salinization of Coastal Water Resources," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(7), pages 2483-2496, May.
    6. Arnob Bormudoi & Masahiko Nagai, 2016. "A remote-sensing-based vegetative technique for flood hazard mitigation of Jiadhal basin, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(1), pages 411-423, August.

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