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Technology and Employment: Twelve Stylised Facts for the Digital Age

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  • Mario Pianta

    (Roma Tre University
    Urbino University)

Abstract

Twelve stylised facts on the relationship between technology and employment are proposed in this paper as a summary of current trends, conceptual issues, methodological approaches and research results. They include the following: (1) technology is shaped by social relations; (2) technology saves human labour; technological unemployment is a serious concern; (3) in the digital age the nature and boundaries of work are changing; (4) different technological strategies have contrasting employment effects; (5) industries differ in their employment dynamics and role of technology; (6) we can see the employment impact of technology at the firm, industry and macroeconomic levels; (7) technological change is a disequilibrium process; demand and structural change matter; (8) business cycles affect technological change and its employment impact; (9) the impact of technology is different across occupations and skills; (10) labour market conditions are relevant, but employment outcomes are not determined in labour markets alone; (11) in emerging countries employment outcomes are jointly affected by technology and catching up; (12) technology is an engine of inequality; profits benefit more than wages, wage disparities increase. They have important policy implications in several areas of public action.

Suggested Citation

  • Mario Pianta, 2018. "Technology and Employment: Twelve Stylised Facts for the Digital Age," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 61(2), pages 189-225, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijlaec:v:61:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s41027-018-0124-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s41027-018-0124-5
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    4. Compagnucci, Fabiano & Gentili, Andrea & Valentini, Enzo & Gallegati, Mauro, 2021. "Have jobs and wages stopped rising? Productivity and structural change in advanced countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 412-430.

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    Keywords

    Technology; Employment; Skills; Labour markets; Digital economy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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