IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/toueco/v29y2023i3p571-595.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Distance Traveled in Times of Pandemic: An Endogenous Switching Regression Approach

Author

Listed:
  • David Boto-García
  • Veronica Leoni

Abstract

This paper studies the change in the distance traveled by domestic tourists considering the pre- and post-pandemic outbreak summer periods of 2019 and 2020. Using representative monthly microdata involving more than 31,000 trips conducted by Spanish residents, we examine the heterogeneity in behavioral adaptation to COVID-19 based on sociodemographic and trip-related characteristics. To account for selection effects and the potential change in the population composition of travelers between the two periods, we estimate an endogenous switching regression that conducts separate regressions for the pre- and post-pandemic periods in a unified econometric framework. Our results point to heterogeneous shifts in the distance traveled by domestic travelers after COVID-19 outbreak per sociodemographic group, with notable differences by travel purpose and lower relevance of traditional determinants like income.

Suggested Citation

  • David Boto-García & Veronica Leoni, 2023. "Distance Traveled in Times of Pandemic: An Endogenous Switching Regression Approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(3), pages 571-595, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:toueco:v:29:y:2023:i:3:p:571-595
    DOI: 10.1177/13548166211059414
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13548166211059414
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/13548166211059414?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Patrick Puhani, 2000. "The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and Its Critique," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(1), pages 53-68, February.
    2. Allenby, Greg M & Jen, Lichung & Leone, Robert P, 1996. "Economic Trends and Being Trendy: The Influence of Consumer Confidence on Retail Fashion Sales," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 14(1), pages 103-111, January.
    3. Christopher D. Carroll & Karen E. Dynan & Spencer D. Krane, 2003. "Unemployment Risk and Precautionary Wealth: Evidence from Households' Balance Sheets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(3), pages 586-604, August.
    4. Morley, Clive & Rosselló, Jaume & Santana-Gallego, Maria, 2014. "Gravity models for tourism demand: theory and use," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 1-10.
    5. Eugenio-Martin, Juan L. & Campos-Soria, Juan A., 2010. "Climate in the region of origin and destination choice in outbound tourism demand," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 744-753.
    6. Salvatore Di Falco & Marcella Veronesi & Mahmud Yesuf, 2011. "Does Adaptation to Climate Change Provide Food Security? A Micro-Perspective from Ethiopia," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 93(3), pages 825-842.
    7. Juan L. Nicolau, 2010. "Variety-Seeking and Inertial Behaviour: The Disutility of Distance," Tourism Economics, , vol. 16(1), pages 251-264, March.
    8. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    9. Robert Gausden & Mohammad S. Hasan, 2018. "An assessment of the contribution of consumer confidence towards household spending decisions using UK data," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(12), pages 1395-1411, March.
    10. Hajibaba, Homa & Gretzel, Ulrike & Leisch, Friedrich & Dolnicar, Sara, 2015. "Crisis-resistant tourists," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 46-60.
    11. Wynen, Jan, 2013. "Explaining travel distance during same-day visits," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 133-140.
    12. Chiara Monfardini & Rosalba Radice, 2008. "Testing Exogeneity in the Bivariate Probit Model: A Monte Carlo Study," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(2), pages 271-282, April.
    13. Caleb Van Nostrand & Vijayaraghavan Sivaraman & Abdul Pinjari, 2013. "Analysis of long-distance vacation travel demand in the United States: a multiple discrete–continuous choice framework," Transportation, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 151-171, January.
    14. Julie Hotchkiss & M. Melinda Pitts, 2005. "Female labour force intermittency and current earnings: switching regression model with unknown sample selection," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(5), pages 545-560.
    15. Craig, Christopher A., 2021. "Camping, glamping, and coronavirus in the United States," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    16. Larissa Neuburger & Roman Egger, 2021. "Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: a case study of the DACH region," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(7), pages 1003-1016, April.
    17. Chang-Young Jeon & Hee-Won Yang, 2021. "The structural changes of a local tourism network: comparison of before and after COVID-19," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(23), pages 3324-3338, December.
    18. Halvorsen, Robert & Palmquist, Raymond, 1980. "The Interpretation of Dummy Variables in Semilogarithmic Equations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(3), pages 474-475, June.
    19. Christian Bünnings & Jan Kleibrink & Jens Weßling, 2017. "Fear of Unemployment and its Effect on the Mental Health of Spouses," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 104-117, January.
    20. Moulton, Brent R, 1990. "An Illustration of a Pitfall in Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Variables on Micro Unit," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(2), pages 334-338, May.
    21. Gianluca Cafiso & Roberto Cellini & Tiziana Cuccia, 2018. "Do economic crises lead tourists to closer destinations? Italy at the time of the Great Recession," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(2), pages 369-386, June.
    22. Ambarish Chandra & Keith Head & Mariano Tappata, 2014. "The Economics of Cross-Border Travel," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(4), pages 648-661, October.
    23. Malley, James R & Moutos, Thomas, 1996. "Unemployment and Consumption," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 48(4), pages 584-600, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Baumann, Julian & Kritikos, Alexander S., 2016. "The link between R&D, innovation and productivity: Are micro firms different?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(6), pages 1263-1274.
    2. Summerfield, Fraser, 2014. "Labor Market Conditions, Skill Requirements and Education Mismatch," CLSSRN working papers clsrn_admin-2014-19, Vancouver School of Economics, revised 28 Apr 2014.
    3. Christer Thrane, 2016. "Analysing related choices in tourism research," Tourism Economics, , vol. 22(3), pages 527-542, June.
    4. Corinna Ghirelli, 2015. "Scars of early non-employment for low educated youth: evidence and policy lessons from Belgium," IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-34, December.
    5. Myck, Michal & Nici?ska, Anna & Morawski, Leszek, 2009. "Count Your Hours: Returns to Education in Poland," IZA Discussion Papers 4332, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Patrick A. Puhani, 2000. "On the Identification of Relative Wage Rigidity Dynamics," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 343, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    7. Gianna Claudia Giannelli & Chiara Monfardini, 2003. "Joint decisions on household membership and human capital accumulation of youths. The role of expected earnings and local markets," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 16(2), pages 265-285, May.
    8. Lidia Ceriani & Sergio Olivieri & Marco Ranzani, 2023. "Housing, imputed rent, and household welfare," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 21(1), pages 131-168, March.
    9. Cristian Castillo & Julimar Da Silva & Sandro Monsueto, 2020. "Objectives of Sustainable Development and Youth Employment in Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, January.
    10. Arndt Reichert & Harald Tauchmann, 2014. "When outcome heterogeneously matters for selection: a generalized selection correction estimator," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(7), pages 762-768, March.
    11. Bolwig, Simon & Gibbon, Peter & Jones, Sam, 2009. "The Economics of Smallholder Organic Contract Farming in Tropical Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 1094-1104, June.
    12. Fluvià, Modest & Rigall-I-Torrent, Ricard & Espinet, Josep Maria & Garriga, Anna & Saló, Albert, 2011. "Precios implícitos de los atributos de los productos turísticos: ¿Qué esconde el efecto de la localización?/Implicit Prices of the Attributes of Tourism Products: What is Hidden Behind Location?," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 29, pages 781-802, Diciembre.
    13. Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen & Kathleen E. Wirth, 2017. "A general instrumental variable framework for regression analysis with outcome missing not at random," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 73(4), pages 1123-1131, December.
    14. Pastwa, Anna M. & Shrestha, Prabal & Thewissen, James & Torsin, Wouter, 2021. "Unpacking the black box of ICO white papers: a topic modeling approach," LIDAM Discussion Papers LFIN 2021018, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Finance (LFIN).
    15. Fougère, Denis & Gautier, Erwan & Roux, Sébastien, 2018. "Wage floor rigidity in industry-level agreements: Evidence from France," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 72-97.
    16. Oren Gazal‐Ayal & Raanan Sulitzeanu‐Kenan, 2010. "Let My People Go: Ethnic In‐Group Bias in Judicial Decisions—Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(3), pages 403-428, September.
    17. Fantu Bachewe & Derek Headey & Bart Minten, 2023. "Price predictors in an extended hedonic regression framework: An application to wholesale cattle markets in Ethiopia," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(2), pages 289-306, March.
    18. Thapa, Samir & Morrison, Mark & Parton, Kevin A, 2021. "Willingness to pay for domestic biogas plants and distributing carbon revenues to influence their purchase: A case study in Nepal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    19. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat214kj4 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Ertan, Arhan & Fiszbein, Martin & Putterman, Louis, 2016. "Who was colonized and when? A cross-country analysis of determinants," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 165-184.
    21. Ibáñez, Ana María & Muñoz, Juan Carlos & Verwimp, Philip, 2013. "Abandoning Coffee under the Threat of Violence and the Presence of Illicit Crops. Evidence from Colombia," Documentos CEDE Series 161356, Universidad de Los Andes, Economics Department.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:toueco:v:29:y:2023:i:3:p:571-595. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.