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Can international capital standards strengthen banks in emerging markets?

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This paper deals with the appropriate design of capital adequacy requirements in emerging markets. It divides countries in two groups according to their capacity to enforce regulatory capital. The first group is characterized by an inappropriate accounting standards and reporting systems, improper classification of non-performing loans and deficient legal and judicial frameworks, and high concentration of asset ownership. It is shown that under these conditions, capital ratios can not perform their supervisory role of containing excessive risk-taking activities by banks. The sustainable policy for these countries consists of removing the constraints to the effectiveness of capital standards; however, those policy reforms often take a significant amount of time. During the transition period, it is essential to identify and develop indicators of banking problems that reveal the true riskiness of banks. Recommendations for policymakers, therefore, focus on strengthening the role of market discipline to substitute for the inadequacies of the regulatory capital requirements. In the second group of countries, a continuous increase in the participation of foreign banks from industrial countries is de facto reducing the degree of related-lending activities. The combination of competition induced by the entry of new providers of wealth and improved accounting, regulatory, and supervisory frameworks can contribute towards increasing the usefulness of capitalization ratios. The main recommendation for this group is to design a capital standard that appropriately reflects the risk of banks' assets. The standard should have two basic components. The first is the development of risk-based regulations in loan-loss provisions. The second is the establishment of a reduced number of risk categories to classify assets, with the central qualification being that the categories of risk should reflect the particular features of banks’ assets in emerging markets. Issues that need to be considered include an adequate risk assessment of government paper and the introduction of distinct capital charges for borrowers in the tradable and non-tradable sectors.

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  • Rojas-Suarez, Liliana, 2002. "Can international capital standards strengthen banks in emerging markets?," Journal of Financial Transformation, Capco Institute, vol. 5, pages 51-63.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:jofitr:1291
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    1. Cavallo, Michele & Majnoni, Giovanni, 2001. "Do Banks provision for bad loans in good times? empirical evidence and policy implications," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2619, The World Bank.
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    Cited by:

    1. Iustina Boitan, 2012. "Development of an Early Warning System for Evaluating the Credit Portfolio's Quality. A Case Study on Romania," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2012(3), pages 347-362.
    2. Nachane, D M & Ray, Partha & Ghosh, Saibal, 2005. "The new Basel capital accord: Rationale, design and tentative implications for India," MPRA Paper 17426, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Maria Abascal & Luis Carranza Ugarte & Mayte Ledo & Arnoldo Lopez Marmolejo, 2011. "Impact of Financial Regulation on Emerging Countries," Working Papers 1108, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
    4. Saadaoui, Zied, 2008. "Capital standards and banking stability in emerging countries: an empirical approach," MPRA Paper 25464, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Nachane, D M & Ray, Partha & Ghosh, Saibal, 2004. "The New Basel Capital Accord: A Primer with an Indian Focus," MPRA Paper 17397, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ocampo, José Antonio, 2003. "Capital-account and counter-cyclical prudential regulations in developing countries," Copublicaciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1796, September.
    7. François Guillemin & Maria Semenova, 2020. "Transparency and market discipline: evidence from the Russian interbank market," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 219-251, June.
    8. Benu Schneider, 2005. "Do Global Standards And Codes Prevent Financial Crises? Some Proposals On Modifying The Standards-Based Approach," UNCTAD Discussion Papers 177, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    9. Giannetti, Mariassunta, 2007. "Financial liberalization and banking crises: The role of capital inflows and lack of transparency," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 32-63, January.
    10. Saadaoui, Zied, 2009. "Fonds propres réglementaires et stabilité bancaire dans les pays émergents [Capital Requirements and Banking Stability in Emerging Countries]," MPRA Paper 25217, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Guidotti, Pablo E. & Rojas-Suarez, Liliana & Zahler, Roberto, 2004. "Designing financial regulatory policies that work for Latin America: the role of markets and institutions: Views from the Latin American Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 1(2), pages 199-228, December.
    12. Gavalas, Dimitris, 2015. "How do banks perform under Basel III? Tracing lending rates and loan quantity," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 21-37.
    13. Daoud Barkat Daoud, 2003. "Quelle réglementation du capital bancaire pour les pays en développement ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 73(4), pages 311-323.
    14. Christophe Godlewski, 2004. "Capital Regulation and Credit Risk Taking : Empirical Evidence from Banks in Emerging Market Economies," Finance 0409030, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Mario Tonveronachi, 2009. "Implications of Basel II for financial stability. Clouds are darker for developing countries," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, vol. 62(248-251), pages 117-142.
    16. Christophe Godlewski, 2004. "Are Bank Ratings Coherent with Bank Default Probabilities in Emerging Market Economies ?," Finance 0409023, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Debora Di Gioacchino & Sergio Ginebri & Laura Sabani, 2008. "Sovereign Debt Capacity and the Distribution of Domestic Wealth: A Common Agency Model," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(4), pages 798-813, September.
    18. Tinevimbo Santu Chokuda & Njabulo Nkomazana & Wilford Mawanza, 2017. "A Bank Failure Prediction Model for Zimbabwe: A Corporate Governance Perspective," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 9(1), pages 207-216.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Capital adequacy requirements; emerging markets;

    JEL classification:

    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems

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