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Spéculation, hétérogénéité des agents et apprentissage : un modèle de "marché des changes artificiel"

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  • Hélène Tordjman

Abstract

[fre] Spéculation, hétérogénéité des agents et apprentissage. Un modèle de « marché des changes artificiel ». . Les dynamiques cambiaires apparemment erratiques observées ces vingt dernières années semblent remettre en cause la vision classique de marchés financiers efficients et rationnels. Dans ce travail, on tente de montrer que l'incapacité des modèles standards à rendre compte des dynamiques financières, et particulièrement des dynamiques cambiaires, provient de l'hypothèse générale d'agents économiques rationnels et homogènes. Puis on ébauche les bases d'une approche alternative de la spéculation, reconnaissant l'hétérogénéité des indivi­dus et la rationalité imparfaite qui les caractérise. Un modèle de « marché des changes artificiel » est développé dont les résultats de simulation recouvrent plusieurs des faits stylisés observés sur les marchés des changes. [eng] Speculation and learning : a model of an artificial market . . Exchange rate dynamics since the collapse of Bretton-Woods have experienced wild swings and a high volatility, thus questionning the adequacy of the classical vision of efficient markets. In this work, we try to show that the failure of standard models of exchange rate determination and rational speculation to capture observed stylized facts is due to the general hypothesis of homogeneous and rational economic agents. An alternative approach to speculation is tentatively developed, grounded on heterogeneity of individuals and their imperfect rationality. We build a simulation model of an "artificial foreign exchange market", which, the first results show, is able to recover some of the major stylized facts observed on foreign exchange markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Hélène Tordjman, 1997. "Spéculation, hétérogénéité des agents et apprentissage : un modèle de "marché des changes artificiel"," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(4), pages 869-897.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1997_num_48_4_409920
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1997.409920
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1997.409920
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