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Les managers français connaissent-ils leurs entreprises ? Les leçons de l’enquête REPONSE

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  • Philippe Askenazy
  • Julien Grenet

Abstract

[spa] Este artículo explora los potenciales escollos relacionados con la utilización de las encuestas en las prácticas organizacionales, las decisiones tecnológicas de las empresas y sus relaciones profesionales. Una metodología genérica permite estimar, bajo determinadas hipótesis, el nivel de veracidad o de coherencia de las declaraciones de los directivos encuestados que trabajan en distintos establecimientos de una misma empresa. Aplicada a la encuesta francesa RÉPONSE en relación con los aspectos generales de la empresa (dimensión, pertenencia a un grupo, estructura del accionariado, etc.), esta metodología sugiere que, en general, los directivos dan respuestas más bien coherentes a una pregunta tomada por separado de otra, que las respuestas son más precisas cuando las preguntas son sencillas y cuando hacen referencia al campo de competencia del directivo interrogado. No obstante, son menos fiables las respuestas a las preguntas sobre las relaciones sociales y la representación de los sindicatos en la empresa. La consideración de los errores cometidos por los directivos conduce a revisar sensiblemente el nivel y la evolución de un determinado número de variables al mismo tiempo, en particular el peso de los distintos sindicatos de asalariados en las empresas. [ger] In diesem Artikel werden die potenziellen Hindernisse bei der Verwertung der Erhebungen über die organisatorischen Praktiken, die Wahl der Technologien in den Unternehmen und die beruflichen Beziehungen analysiert. Eine Standardmethode ermöglicht es, bei bestimmten Annahmen den Wahrheitsgehalt oder die Kohärenz der Erklärungen der befragten Direktoren verschiedener Betriebe ein und desselben Unternehmens zu schätzen. Wenn diese Methode auf die französische Erhebung "REPONSE“ (ANTWORT) bei den allgemeinen Aspekten eines Unternehmens (Größe, Zugehörigkeit zu einer Gruppe, Aktionäre) angewandt wird, zeigt sich, dass die Antworten der Direktoren auf die einzelnen Fragen generell eher kohärent sind, dass die Antworten umso präziser sind, wenn die Fragen einfach sind, und dass sie in die Zuständigkeit des befragten Direktors fallen. Allerdings sind die Antworten auf Fragen zu den sozialen Beziehungen und der Vertretung der Gewerkschaften im Unternehmen weniger zuverlässig. Die Berücksichtigung der von den Direktoren begangenen Fehler führt dazu, dass das Niveau wie auch die Entwicklung einer Reihe von Variablen erheblich geändert werden müssen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Einfluss der verschiedenen Gewerkschaften in den Unternehmen. [fre] Cet article explore les écueils potentiels liés à l’utilisation des enquêtes sur les pratiques organisationnelles, les choix technologiques des entreprises et les relations professionnelles. Une méthodologie générique permet d’estimer, sous certaines hypothèses, le niveau de véracité ou de cohérence des déclarations des dirigeants enquêtés travaillant dans différents établissements d’une même entreprise. Appliquée à l’enquête française REPONSE pour les aspects généraux de l’entreprise (taille, appartenance à un groupe, structure de l’actionnariat, etc.), cette méthodologie suggère que les dirigeants donnent en général des réponses plutôt cohérentes d’une question prise isolément à une autre, que les réponses sont d’autant plus précises que les questions sont simples et qu’elles relèvent du champ de compétence du dirigeant interrogé. Cependant les réponses aux questions portant sur les relations sociales et la représentation des syndicats dans l’entreprise sont moins fiables. La prise en compte des erreurs commises par les dirigeants conduit à réviser sensiblement à la fois le niveau et l’évolution d’un certain nombre de variables, en particulier le poids des différents syndicats de salariés dans les entreprises. [eng] This article explores the potential pitfalls of using surveys on organisational practices, firms’ technological choices, and workplace relations. Using a generic methodology, one can, under certain hypotheses, estimate the degree of truthfulness or consistency of responding executives working in different local units of a single enterprise. Applied to the French REPONSE survey in regard to the enterprise’s general characteristics (such as size, ties to an enterprise group, and shareholder structure), the methodology suggests that (1) executives usually give rather consistent answers to a question handled separately from the others, and (2) that their answers are all the more specific as the questions are simple and fall within the respondent’s sphere of competency. However, responses to questions on social relations and trade-union representation in the firm are less reliable. Allowing for executives’ errors, we are led to substantially revise both the level and the rate of change of a number of variables, particularly the weights of different employees’ unions in firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Askenazy & Julien Grenet, 2009. "Les managers français connaissent-ils leurs entreprises ? Les leçons de l’enquête REPONSE," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 421(1), pages 53-82.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2009_num_421_1_7737
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2009.7737
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2009.7737
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    References listed on IDEAS

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