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Cultures of Trust: Effects of Avatar Faces and Reputation Scores on German and Arab Players in an Online Trust-Game

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Listed:
  • Gary Bente
  • Thomas Dratsch
  • Kai Kaspar
  • Tabea Häßler
  • Oliver Bungard
  • Ahmad Al-Issa

Abstract

Reputation systems as well as seller depictions (photos; avatars) have been shown to reduce buyer uncertainty and to foster trust in online trading. With the emergence of globalized e-markets, it remains an urgent question whether these mechanisms, found to be effective for Western cultures, also apply to other cultures. Hypothesizing that members of collectivistic cultures in contrast to those of individualistic cultures would rely more on visual social cues (seller faces) than on factual information (reputation scores), we compared buying decisions of Arab and German participants in an experimental trust game. Photo-realistic avatars were used instead of photos to control facial features and expressions. The results revealed significant main effects for both reputation scores and avatar faces. Moreover, both variables significantly affected the purchase behavior of Arab as well as German buyers, suggesting cross-cultural universals in the processing of trust cues. The results have implications for future cross-cultural studies in e-commerce as well as the design of online markets and shared virtual environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Gary Bente & Thomas Dratsch & Kai Kaspar & Tabea Häßler & Oliver Bungard & Ahmad Al-Issa, 2014. "Cultures of Trust: Effects of Avatar Faces and Reputation Scores on German and Arab Players in an Online Trust-Game," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-7, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0098297
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098297
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gary E. Bolton & Elena Katok & Axel Ockenfels, 2004. "Trust among Internet Traders: A Behavioral Economics Approach," Working Paper Series in Economics 5, University of Cologne, Department of Economics.
    2. Gary E. Bolton & Elena Katok & Axel Ockenfels, 2004. "How Effective Are Electronic Reputation Mechanisms? An Experimental Investigation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(11), pages 1587-1602, November.
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    10. Constantin Rezlescu & Brad Duchaine & Christopher Y Olivola & Nick Chater, 2012. "Unfakeable Facial Configurations Affect Strategic Choices in Trust Games with or without Information about Past Behavior," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-6, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abraham, Diya & Greiner, Ben & Stephanides, Marianne, 2023. "On the Internet you can be anyone: An experiment on strategic avatar choice in online marketplaces," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 251-261.
    2. Chatpong Tangmanee & Chayanin Rawsena, 2016. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Perceived Risk and Website Reputation on Purchase Intention," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 5(6), pages 01-11, October.

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