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What determines inflation?

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  • Martina Alexová

Abstract

This paper focuses on the determinants of inflation for new European Union members during the period from 1996 to 2011. We utilise a structural vector error correction model to estimate mark-up or long-run output gap relationships and the analyse dynamic properties of the models. We find that Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria can be characterised by cost-push inflation from a long-run perspective whereas demand-side factors are more characteristic for Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. Inflation dynamics in short-run inflation were influenced by inertia, labour costs, foreign market competitiveness, production as well as some exogenous shocks. We also investigate the direct relationship between inflation and government deficit; however, there seems to be no interdependency between these variables in the long run.

Suggested Citation

  • Martina Alexová, 2012. "What determines inflation?," International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(4), pages 345-369.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmefi:v:5:y:2012:i:4:p:345-369
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    2. Oatlhotse Madito & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2018. "The Main Determinants Of Inflation In South Africa: An Empirical Investigation," Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, vol. 9(2).
    3. Dahem, Ahlem, 2015. "Short term Bayesian inflation forecasting for Tunisia," MPRA Paper 66702, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    inflation determinants; long-run structural VARs; subset VEC model; mark-up; output gap; deficit; commodity prices; new EU members; European Union; Slovakia; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Bulgaria; cost-push inflation; demand side; Slovenia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Romania; inflation dynamics; inertia; labour costs; foreign market competitiveness; production; some exogenous shocks; government deficit.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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