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Economic and structural determinants of the demand for public transport: an analysis on a panel of French urban areas using shrinkage estimators

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  • Bresson, Georges
  • Dargay, Joyce
  • Madre, Jean-Loup
  • Pirotte, Alain

Abstract

This paper presents a panel data analysis of annual time series from 1975 to 1995 for 62 urban areas in France. It compares the results obtained from a conventional fixed-effects (FE) model with a Bayesian approach (shrinkage estimators), which allows the computation of elasticities for each urban area. First, considering only three economic determinants (vehicle km, income and price), we show the sensitivity of the estimates to the time period used for the estimation. On the basis of these models, public transport appears as an "inferior good" (i.e. its income elasticity is negative). By combining economic determinants with structural determinants (i.e. population ageing, urban sprawl and growing car ownership) synthesized in a single indicator, we show that this 'income effect' is in fact mainly a "motorization effect". The competition with the automobile also appears through the cross-elasticity to the fuel price. Finally, the impact of supply is decomposed into a dominant effect of quantity (seats kilometres), and the weaker effects of quality (frequency and density of network). The major conclusion is that the downward trend in public transport patronage is mainly due to increasing car ownership, and that this effect will be less and less important over time since the growth of the car stock is decelerating. In addition, the use of public transport is quite sensitive to the volume supplied and to its price, which makes the financial equilibrium of this industry problematic.

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  • Bresson, Georges & Dargay, Joyce & Madre, Jean-Loup & Pirotte, Alain, 2004. "Economic and structural determinants of the demand for public transport: an analysis on a panel of French urban areas using shrinkage estimators," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 269-285, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:38:y:2004:i:4:p:269-285
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    1. Badi H. Baltagi & Georges Bresson & James M. Griffin & Alain Pirotte, 2003. "Homogeneous, heterogeneous or shrinkage estimators? Some empirical evidence from French regional gasoline consumption," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 795-811, November.
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    8. Cordera, Ruben & Canales, Cesar & dell’Olio, Luigi & Ibeas, Angel, 2015. "Public transport demand elasticities during the recessionary phases of economic cycles," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 173-179.
    9. Dirk Temme & Marcel Paulssen & Till Dannewald, 2007. "Integrating latent variables in discrete choice models – How higher-order values and attitudes determine consumer choice," SFB 649 Discussion Papers SFB649DP2007-065, Sonderforschungsbereich 649, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
    10. De Witte, Astrid & Hollevoet, Joachim & Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Hubert, Michel & Macharis, Cathy, 2013. "Linking modal choice to motility: A comprehensive review," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 329-341.
    11. Wallimann, Hannes & Blättler, Kevin & von Arx, Widar, 2023. "Do price reductions attract customers in urban public transport? A synthetic control approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    12. Julie Bulteau & Thierry Feuillet & Sophie Dantan, 2019. "Carpooling and carsharing for commuting in the Paris region: A comprehensive exploration of the individual and contextual correlates of their uses," Post-Print hal-02113257, HAL.
    13. Setareh Ataian, 2011. "Analysis of households’ urban transportation budget in Tehran [Analyse des dépenses en transport urbain des ménages à Téhéran]," Post-Print halshs-00733368, HAL.
    14. Albalate, Daniel & Bel, Germà, 2010. "What shapes local public transportation in Europe? Economics, mobility, institutions, and geography," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 775-790, September.
    15. Yusuke Sakata & Junyi Shen & Yoshizo Hashimoto, 2006. "The Influence of Environmental Deterioration and Network Improvement on Transport Modal Choice," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 06-04, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
    16. Thøgersen, John, 2006. "Understanding repetitive travel mode choices in a stable context: A panel study approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(8), pages 621-638, October.
    17. Ahmad Termida, Nursitihazlin & Susilo, Yusak O. & Franklin, Joel P., 2016. "Observing dynamic behavioural responses due to the extension of a tram line by using panel survey," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 78-95.
    18. Georgios Georgiadis & Ioannis Politis & Panagiotis Papaioannou, 2020. "How Does Operational Environment Influence Public Transport Effectiveness? Evidence from European Urban Bus Operators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, June.
    19. Shyr, Oliver F. & Andersson, David Emanuel & Cheng, Yu-Hsuan & Hsiao, Yu-Hsuan, 2017. "What explains rapid transit use? Evidence from 97 urbanized areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 162-169.

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