IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/tefoso/v191y2023ics0040162523001609.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Technology, innovation and SMEs' export intensity: Evidence from Morocco

Author

Listed:
  • Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine
  • Kock, Ned
  • Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel
  • Jafari-Sadeghi, Vahid
  • Jones, Paul

Abstract

This study seeks to understand the scarcely examined relationships between SMEs' foreign technology licensing, R&D expenditure, innovation and export intensity. Espousing an integrated open innovation and self-selection paradigm, observations of 446 Moroccan SMEs are analysed through structural equation modelling. The definitive path analysis showed that foreign technology licensing and R&D expenditure distinctively affect innovation and, in turn, innovation increases export intensity. In further insights, to illustrate how the distribution of these inputs enhances internationalisation, a probabilistic analysis shows that foreign technology licensing, R&D expenditure and innovation will incrementally stimulate export intensity by >71 %. The permutations of these variables in the fresh setting of Morocco summon scholars' empirical attention at the same time as policymakers' consideration.

Suggested Citation

  • Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine & Kock, Ned & Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel & Jafari-Sadeghi, Vahid & Jones, Paul, 2023. "Technology, innovation and SMEs' export intensity: Evidence from Morocco," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:191:y:2023:i:c:s0040162523001609
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122475
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162523001609
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122475?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Todd Watkins & Lolita Paff, 2009. "Absorptive capacity and R&D tax policy: Are in-house and external contract R&D substitutes or complements?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(2), pages 207-227, August.
    2. Sofronis K. Clerides & Saul Lach & James R. Tybout, 1998. "Is Learning by Exporting Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 113(3), pages 903-947.
    3. Steven Tadelis & Oliver E.Williamson, 2012. "Transaction Cost Economics [The Handbook of Organizational Economics]," Introductory Chapters,, Princeton University Press.
    4. Mairesse, Jacques & Mohnen, Pierre, 2010. "Using Innovation Surveys for Econometric Analysis," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1129-1155, Elsevier.
    5. Azar, Goudarz & Ciabuschi, Francesco, 2017. "Organizational innovation, technological innovation, and export performance: The effects of innovation radicalness and extensiveness," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 324-336.
    6. Lopez, Carmen & Yacine Haddoud, Mohamed & Kasturiratne, Dulekha, 2022. "Revisiting the innovation–export entry link through a configuration approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 927-937.
    7. Marshall S. Jiang & Jie Jiao & Zhouyu Lin & Jun Xia, 2021. "Learning through observation or through acquisition? Innovation performance as an outcome of internal and external knowledge combination," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 35-63, March.
    8. Ozcelik, Emre & Taymaz, Erol, 2004. "Does innovativeness matter for international competitiveness in developing countries?: The case of Turkish manufacturing industries," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 409-424, April.
    9. Chandan Sharma & Ritesh Kumar Mishra, 2011. "Does export and productivity growth linkage exist? Evidence from the Indian manufacturing industry," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(6), pages 633-652, November.
    10. Wagner, Marcus, 2007. "On the relationship between environmental management, environmental innovation and patenting: Evidence from German manufacturing firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 1587-1602, December.
    11. Werner Bonte, 2003. "R&D and productivity: Internal vs. external R&D - evidence from west german manufacturing industries," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 343-360.
    12. Jolanda Hessels & Siri Terjesen, 2010. "Resource dependency and institutional theory perspectives on direct and indirect export choices," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 203-220, February.
    13. Chitsaz, Ehsan & Liang, Dapeng & Khoshsoroor, Somayeh, 2017. "The impact of resource configuration on Iranian technology venture performance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 186-195.
    14. Andrea Conte & Marco Vivarelli, 2014. "Succeeding in innovation: key insights on the role of R&D and technological acquisition drawn from company data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1317-1340, December.
    15. Rahmouni, Mohieddine & Ayadi, Mohamed & YIldIzoglu, Murat, 2010. "Characteristics of innovating firms in Tunisia: The essential role of external knowledge sources," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 181-196, August.
    16. Xie, Xuemei & Huo, Jiage & Zou, Hailiang, 2019. "Green process innovation, green product innovation, and corporate financial performance: A content analysis method," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 697-706.
    17. Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine & Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel & Nowiński, Witold, 2021. "Environmental commitment and innovation as catalysts for export performance in family firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    18. Alicia Rodríguez & María Jesús Nieto, 2016. "Does R&D offshoring lead to SME growth? Different governance modes and the mediating role of innovation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(8), pages 1734-1753, August.
    19. Rajeev K. Goel & Michael A. Nelson, 2018. "Determinants of process innovation introductions: Evidence from 115 developing countries," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(5), pages 515-525, July.
    20. Bag, Surajit & Pretorius, Jan Ham Christiaan & Gupta, Shivam & Dwivedi, Yogesh K., 2021. "Role of institutional pressures and resources in the adoption of big data analytics powered artificial intelligence, sustainable manufacturing practices and circular economy capabilities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    21. Lewandowska, Małgorzata Stefania & Szymura-Tyc, Maja & Gołębiowski, Tomasz, 2016. "Innovation complementarity, cooperation partners, and new product export: Evidence from Poland," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 3673-3681.
    22. Francesco Aiello & Paola Cardamone & Lidia Mannarino & Valeria Pupo, 2021. "Does external R&D matter for family firm innovation? Evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1915-1930, December.
    23. Toke Reichstein & Ammon Salter, 2006. "Investigating the sources of process innovation among UK manufacturing firms," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 15(4), pages 653-682, August.
    24. Mowery, David C & Oxley, Joanne E, 1995. "Inward Technology Transfer and Competitiveness: The Role of National Innovation Systems," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(1), pages 67-93, February.
    25. Andrzej H Jasinski, 1997. "New developments in science—industry linkages in Poland," Science and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 24(2), pages 93-99, April.
    26. Preece, Stephen B. & Miles, Grant & Baetz, Mark C., 1999. "Explaining the international intensity and global diversity of early-stage technology-based firms," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 259-281, May.
    27. Kim, YoungJun & Vonortas, Nicholas S., 2006. "Technology licensing partners," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(4), pages 273-289.
    28. Alvarez, Roberto, 2004. "Sources of export success in small- and medium-sized enterprises: the impact of public programs," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 383-400, June.
    29. Audretsch, D-B & Menkveld, A-J & Thurik, A-R, 1996. "The Decision Between Internal and External R&D," Papers 9603/e, NEUHUYS - RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM.
    30. Lee, Sungjoo & Lee, Hakyeon & Lee, Changyong, 2020. "Open innovation at the national level: Towards a global innovation system," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    31. Arora, Ashish & Gambardella, Alfonso, 1994. "Evaluating technological information and utilizing it : Scientific knowledge, technological capability, and external linkages in biotechnology," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 91-114, June.
    32. Saoussen Boujelben & Hassouna Fedhila, 2010. "The effect of internal R&D efforts and external technology sourcing on achieving innovations in developing countries: the case of Tunisian manufacturing firms," International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 4(4), pages 338-357.
    33. James Love & Mica Ariana Mansury, 2007. "External Linkages, R&D and Innovation Performance in US Business Services," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(5), pages 477-496.
    34. Boumediene Amraoui & Abdesselam Ouhajjou & Salvatore Monni & Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi & Manuela TvaronaviÄ ienÄ—, 2019. "Performance of clusters in Morocco in the shifting economic and industrial reforms," Insights into Regional Development, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 1(3), pages 227-243, September.
    35. Kou, Mingting & Yang, Yuanqi & Chen, Kaihua, 2020. "The impact of external R&D financing on innovation process from a supply-demand perspective," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 375-387.
    36. David Urbano & Andreu Turro & Sebastian Aparicio, 2020. "Innovation through R&D activities in the European context: antecedents and consequences," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(5), pages 1481-1504, October.
    37. Giuseppe Medda, 2020. "External R&D, product and process innovation in European manufacturing companies," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 339-369, February.
    38. Wang, Wei & Ma, Hao, 2018. "Export strategy, export intensity and learning: Integrating the resource perspective and institutional perspective," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 581-592.
    39. Simms, Christopher & Frishammar, Johan & Ford, Nicholas, 2021. "The front end in radical process innovation projects: Sources of knowledge problems and coping mechanisms," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    40. Panagiotis Pegkas & Christos Staikouras & Constantinos Tsamadias, 2020. "Does Domestic and Foreign R&D Capital Affect Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from Eurozone Countries," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(2), pages 258-278, April.
    41. Abubakar, Yazid Abdullahi & Hand, Chris & Smallbone, David & Saridakis, George, 2019. "What specific modes of internationalization influence SME innovation in Sub-Saharan least developed countries (LDCs)?," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 56-70.
    42. Ashish Arora & Alfonso Gambardella, 2010. "Ideas for rent: an overview of markets for technology," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 19(3), pages 775-803, June.
    43. Dahlander, Linus & Gann, David M., 2010. "How open is innovation?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 699-709, July.
    44. Céline Kauffmann & Lucia Wegner, 2007. "Privatisation in the Meda Region: Where do we stand?," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 261, OECD Publishing.
    45. Mendi, Pedro & Moner-Colonques, Rafael & Sempere-Monerris, José J., 2020. "Cooperation for innovation and technology licensing: Empirical evidence from Spain," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    46. Gans, Joshua S. & Stern, Scott, 2003. "The product market and the market for "ideas": commercialization strategies for technology entrepreneurs," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 333-350, February.
    47. Edeh, Jude Ndubuisi & Obodoechi, Divine Ndubuisi & Ramos-Hidalgo, Encarnación, 2020. "Effects of innovation strategies on export performance: New empirical evidence from developing market firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    48. Vishwasrao, Sharmila, 1994. "Intellectual property rights and the mode of technology transfer," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 381-402, August.
    49. Rui Torres de Oliveira & Martie-Louise Verreynne & Sandra Figueira & Marta Indulska & John Steen, 2022. "How do institutional innovation systems affect open innovation?," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(6), pages 1404-1448, November.
    50. Cassiman, Bruno & Golovko, Elena & Martínez-Ros, Ester, 2010. "Innovation, exports and productivity," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 372-376, July.
    51. Fu, Xiaolan & Pietrobelli, Carlo & Soete, Luc, 2011. "The Role of Foreign Technology and Indigenous Innovation in the Emerging Economies: Technological Change and Catching-up," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 1204-1212, July.
    52. Sharma, Chandan, 2018. "Exporting, access of foreign technology, and firms’ performance: Searching the link in Indian manufacturing," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 46-62.
    53. Vanessa Casadella & Rédha Younes Bouacida, 2020. "The primacy of innovation capacities in the NIS of the Maghreb countries: An analysis in terms of learning capacity in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria," African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(2), pages 231-242, February.
    54. Hicham Rachidi & Mohammed El Mohajir, 2021. "Improving SMEs’ performance using innovative knowledge and financial system designed from the Moroccan business environment," African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 15-30, January.
    55. Tse, Caleb H. & Yim, Chi Kin Bennett & Yin, Eden & Wan, Feng & Jiao, Hao, 2021. "R&D activities and innovation performance of MNE subsidiaries: The moderating effects of government support and entry mode," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    56. Wang, Yuandi & Zhou, Zhao, 2013. "The dual role of local sites in assisting firms with developing technological capabilities: Evidence from China," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 63-76.
    57. Arora, Ashish & Gambardella, Alfonso, 2010. "The Market for Technology," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 641-678, Elsevier.
    58. El-Haddad, Amirah, 2020. "Redefining the social contract in the wake of the Arab Spring: The experiences of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    59. Cesinger, Beate & Hughes, Mathew & Mensching, Helge & Bouncken, Ricarda & Fredrich, Viktor & Kraus, Sascha, 2016. "A socioemotional wealth perspective on how collaboration intensity, trust, and international market knowledge affect family firms’ multinationality," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 586-599.
    60. Fernando Muñoz-Bullón & Maria J. Sanchez-Bueno & Alfredo De Massis, 2020. "Combining Internal and External R&D: The Effects on Innovation Performance in Family and Nonfamily Firms," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(5), pages 996-1031, September.
    61. Suberu, Mohammed Yekini & Mustafa, Mohd Wazir & Bashir, Nouruddeen & Muhamad, Nor Asiah & Mokhtar, Ahmad Safawi, 2013. "Power sector renewable energy integration for expanding access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 630-642.
    62. Edmund Amann, 1999. "Technological self-reliance in Brazil: Achievements and prospects—some evidence from the non-serial capital goods sector," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 329-357.
    63. Vanessa Casadella & R. Younes Bouacida, 2020. "The Primacy of Innovation Capacities in the NIS of the Maghreb Countries: An Analysis in Terms of Learning Capacity in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria," Post-Print hal-03680587, HAL.
    64. Mohieddine Rahmouni & Mohamed Ayadi & Murat Yildizoglu, 2010. "Characteristics of innovating manufacturing firms in Tunisia: the essential role of external knowledge sources," Post-Print hal-00779027, HAL.
    65. Santoro, Gabriele & Vrontis, Demetris & Thrassou, Alkis & Dezi, Luca, 2018. "The Internet of Things: Building a knowledge management system for open innovation and knowledge management capacity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 347-354.
    66. Ned Kock & Lebrian Gaskins, 2014. "The Mediating Role of Voice and Accountability in the Relationship Between Internet Diffusion and Government Corruption in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa," Information Technology for Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 23-43, January.
    67. Cabaleiro-Cerviño, Goretti & Burcharth, Ana, 2020. "Licensing agreements as signals of innovation: When do they impact market value?," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    68. Edmund Mallinguh & Christopher Wasike & Zeman Zoltan, 2020. "Technology Acquisition and SMEs Performance, the Role of Innovation, Export and the Perception of Owner-Managers," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, October.
    69. Tang, Jianmin, 2006. "Competition and innovation behaviour," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 68-82, February.
    70. Xiaolan Fu & Wing Thye Woo & Jun Hou, 2016. "Technological innovation policy in China: the lessons, and the necessary changes ahead," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 49(2), pages 139-157, August.
    71. Georgeta Vidican, 2015. "The emergence of a solar energy innovation system in Morocco: a governance perspective," Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(2), pages 225-240, October.
    72. Bodlaj, Mateja & Kadic-Maglajlic, Selma & Vida, Irena, 2020. "Disentangling the impact of different innovation types, financial constraints and geographic diversification on SMEs' export growth," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 466-475.
    73. Del Giudice, M. & Scuotto, V. & Garcia-Perez, A. & Messeni Petruzzelli, A., 2019. "Shifting Wealth II in Chinese economy. The effect of the horizontal technology spillover for SMEs for international growth," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 307-316.
    74. Falahat, Mohammad & Ramayah, T. & Soto-Acosta, Pedro & Lee, Yan-Yin, 2020. "SMEs internationalization: The role of product innovation, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communication capabilities as drivers of SMEs’ international performance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    75. Di Cintio, Marco & Ghosh, Sucharita & Grassi, Emanuele, 2017. "Firm growth, R&D expenditures and exports: An empirical analysis of italian SMEs," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 836-852.
    76. Mei, Liang & Zhang, Tao & Chen, Jin, 2019. "Exploring the effects of inter-firm linkages on SMEs' open innovation from an ecosystem perspective: An empirical study of Chinese manufacturing SMEs," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 118-128.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wu, Lichao & Wei, Yingqi & Wang, Chengang & McDonald, Frank & Han, Xia, 2022. "The importance of institutional and financial resources for export performance associated with technological innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    2. Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine & Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel & Nowiński, Witold, 2021. "Environmental commitment and innovation as catalysts for export performance in family firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    3. Ramdani, Boumediene & Belaid, Fateh & Goutte, Stephane, 2023. "SME internationalisation: Do the types of innovation matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    4. Adah-Kole Emmanuel Onjewu & Sundas Hussain & Mohamed Yacine Haddoud, 2022. "The Interplay of E-commerce, Resilience and Exports in the Context of COVID-19," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1209-1221, August.
    5. Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel & Olan, Femi & Nyuur, Richard Benon-be-isan & Paul, Salima & Nguyen, Ha Thanh Truc, 2023. "The effect of government support on Bureaucracy, COVID-19 resilience and export intensity: Evidence from North Africa," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    6. Wu, Lichao & Wei, Yingqi & Wang, Chengang, 2021. "Disentangling the effects of business groups in the innovation-export relationship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(1).
    7. Li, Wei & Liu, Zhi & Xia, Senmao & Yan, Ji & Xiong, Yu & Sakka, Georgia & Yu Li, Rebecca, 2022. "How can emerging-market SMEs domestically benefit from their performance in developed countries? Empirical evidence from China," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 200-210.
    8. Samuel Amponsah Odei & Jan Stejskal & Viktor Prokop, 2021. "Understanding territorial innovations in European regions: Insights from radical and incremental innovative firms," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(5), pages 1638-1660, October.
    9. Idris, Bochra & Saridakis, George & Khan, Zaheer, 2022. "The Effect of Outward and Inward Internationalisation on Different Types of Innovation: Evidence from UK SMEs," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(2).
    10. Brache, Jose & Callagher, Lisa & Husted, Kenneth, 2022. "The effects of interfirm cooperation purpose on export performance: Choosing between local and overseas partners," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 12-22.
    11. Demirbag, Mehmet & Apaydin, Marina & Sahadev, Sunil, 2021. "Micro-foundational dimensions of firm internationalisation as determinants of knowledge management strategy: A case for global strategic partnerships," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    12. Yuandi Wang & Xin Pan & Lutao Ning & Jian Li & Jin Chen, 2015. "Technology exchange patterns in China: an analysis of regional data," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 252-272, April.
    13. Laursen, Keld & Salter, Ammon J., 2014. "The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(5), pages 867-878.
    14. Rammer, Christian, 2022. "Measuring process innovation output: Results from firm-level panel data," ZEW Discussion Papers 22-002, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    15. Aquilante, Tommaso & Vendrell-Herrero, Ferran, 2021. "Bundling and exporting: Evidence from German SMEs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 32-44.
    16. Falk, Martin & de Lemos, Francisco Figueira, 2019. "Complementarity of R&D and productivity in SME export behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 157-168.
    17. Jun Hou & Pierre Mohnen, 2013. "Complementarity between In-house R&D and Technology Purchasing: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(3), pages 343-371, September.
    18. Kloyer, Martin & Scholderer, Joachim, 2012. "Effective incomplete contracts and milestones in market-distant R&D collaboration," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 346-357.
    19. Dwivedi, Abhishek & Pawsey, Nicholas, 2023. "Examining the drivers of marketing innovation in SMEs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PB).
    20. Maria Isabella Leone & Raffaele Oriani & Toke Reichstein, 2015. "How much are flexibility and uncertainty worth in patent licensing?," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 42(4), pages 371-394, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:191:y:2023:i:c:s0040162523001609. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00401625 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.