IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eneeco/v117y2023ics0140988322005722.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Can increasing economic complexity improve China's green development efficiency?

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Feng
  • Wu, Min
  • Wang, Jingcao

Abstract

In the context of China's efforts to promote green development, how to improve the green development efficiency (GDE) has become an increasingly important research topic. Promoting the transformation towards a knowledge- and technology-intensive economic structure may be an important way to improve the GDE. Therefore, this study examines the impact of economic structural transformation represented by economic complexity on China's GDE. This study first measures the economic complexity index (ECI) and GDE of China's provinces using the method of reflections and data envelopment analysis window model, then examines the impact of the ECI on China's GDE based on a panel data model. It further analyses the contribution of ECI to regional differences in GDE and the mechanism of the effect of ECI on GDE using the regression-based Shapley decomposition analysis approach and a mediating effect model, respectively. Five conclusions are obtained as follows. Firstly, the ECI in China decreased from the east to the west, while the GDE shows the characteristics of ‘a higher GDE in the east and south and a lower GDE in the west and north’. Secondly, the empirical results show that the ECI has a significant positive impact on the GDE, and the results of the robustness tests support this finding. This indicates that increasing economic complexity plays an important role in promoting the green development of China's provinces. Thirdly, significant regional differences exist in the impact of economic complexity on the GDE. Fourthly, the decomposition results of regional differences in the GDE suggest that economic complexity is a primary factor that causes the differences in the GDE among China's provinces. Fifthly, the estimation results of the mediating effect model indicate that increasing economic complexity can improve the GDE by enhancing innovation and human capital levels. These findings suggest that China can promote regional green development by developing policies related to enhancing economic complexity and fully releasing the effects of economic complexity on innovation and human capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Feng & Wu, Min & Wang, Jingcao, 2023. "Can increasing economic complexity improve China's green development efficiency?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:117:y:2023:i:c:s0140988322005722
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106443
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988322005722
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106443?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guanghua Wan & Zhangyue Zhou, 2005. "Income Inequality in Rural China: Regression‐based Decomposition Using Household Data," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(1), pages 107-120, February.
    2. Feng, Chao & Huang, Jian-Bai & Wang, Miao, 2018. "Analysis of green total-factor productivity in China's regional metal industry: A meta-frontier approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 219-229.
    3. Halkos, George Emm. & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2009. "Exploring the existence of Kuznets curve in countries' environmental efficiency using DEA window analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 2168-2176, May.
    4. Guanghua Wan, 2002. "Regression-based Inequality Decomposition: Pitfalls and a Solution Procedure," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-101, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. repec:fth:harver:1473 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Manuel Sebastian Mariani & Alexandre Vidmer & Matus Medo & Yi-Cheng Zhang, 2015. "Measuring economic complexity of countries and products: which metric to use?," Papers 1509.01482, arXiv.org.
    7. Chang, Young-Tae & Zhang, Ning & Danao, Denise & Zhang, Nan, 2013. "Environmental efficiency analysis of transportation system in China: A non-radial DEA approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 277-283.
    8. Zhang, Bo & Qiao, H. & Chen, B., 2015. "Embodied energy uses by China’s four municipalities: A study based on multi-regional input–output model," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 138-149.
    9. Romero, João P. & Gramkow, Camila, 2021. "Economic complexity and greenhouse gas emissions," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    10. Muhammad Zahid Rafique & Abdul Majeed Nadeem & Wanjun Xia & Majid Ikram & Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib & Umer Shahzad, 2022. "Does economic complexity matter for environmental sustainability? Using ecological footprint as an indicator," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 4623-4640, April.
    11. John C. Driscoll & Aart C. Kraay, 1998. "Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation With Spatially Dependent Panel Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(4), pages 549-560, November.
    12. Pierre-Alexandre Balland & Ron Boschma, 2021. "Complementary interregional linkages and Smart Specialisation: an empirical study on European regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(6), pages 1059-1070, June.
    13. Jian Gao & Bogang Jun & Alex ‘Sandy’ Pentland & Tao Zhou & César A. Hidalgo, 2021. "Spillovers across industries and regions in China’s regional economic diversification," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(7), pages 1311-1326, July.
    14. Buhari Doğan & Oana M. Driha & Daniel Balsalobre Lorente & Umer Shahzad, 2021. "The mitigating effects of economic complexity and renewable energy on carbon emissions in developed countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 1-12, January.
    15. Hartmann, Dominik & Guevara, Miguel R. & Jara-Figueroa, Cristian & Aristarán, Manuel & Hidalgo, César A., 2017. "Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 75-93.
    16. Jiang, Yufan & Wang, Hongyan & Liu, Zuankuo, 2021. "The impact of the free trade zone on green total factor productivity ——evidence from the shanghai pilot free trade zone," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(PB).
    17. Manuel Mariani & Alexandre Vidmer & Matsúš Medo & Yi-Cheng Zhang, 2015. "Measuring economic complexity of countries and products: which metric to use?," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 88(11), pages 1-9, November.
    18. Yuan, Huaxi & Feng, Yidai & Lee, Chien-Chiang & Cen, Yan, 2020. "How does manufacturing agglomeration affect green economic efficiency?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    19. Felipe, Jesus & Kumar, Utsav & Abdon, Arnelyn & Bacate, Marife, 2012. "Product complexity and economic development," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 36-68.
    20. Khezri, Mohsen & Heshmati, Almas & Khodaei, Mehdi, 2022. "Environmental implications of economic complexity and its role in determining how renewable energies affect CO2 emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    21. David B. Audretsch & Albert N. Link & Martijn Hasselt, 2019. "Knowledge begets knowledge: university knowledge spillovers and the output of scientific papers from U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) projects," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 121(3), pages 1367-1383, December.
    22. Wagner, Alfred, 1891. "Marshall's Principles of Economics," History of Economic Thought Articles, McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought, vol. 5, pages 319-338.
    23. Wang, Ailun & Hu, Shuo & Lin, Boqiang, 2021. "Can environmental regulation solve pollution problems? Theoretical model and empirical research based on the skill premium," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    24. Lee, Chi-Chuan & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2022. "How does green finance affect green total factor productivity? Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    25. Liu, Zhao & Zhang, Huan & Zhang, Yue-Jun & Zhu, Tian-Tian, 2020. "How does industrial policy affect the eco-efficiency of industrial sector? Evidence from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    26. Smith, Adam, 1776. "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," History of Economic Thought Books, McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought, number smith1776.
    27. Hausmann, Ricardo & Hidalgo, Cesar, 2014. "The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262525429, December.
    28. Bronzini, Raffaello & Piselli, Paolo, 2009. "Determinants of long-run regional productivity with geographical spillovers: The role of R&D, human capital and public infrastructure," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 187-199, March.
    29. Audretsch, David & Link, Albert & van Hasselt, Martijn, 2019. "Knowledge Begets Knowledge: Knowledge Spillovers and the Output of Scientific Papers from U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Projects," UNCG Economics Working Papers 19-12, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics.
    30. Ricardo Hausmann & César Hidalgo, 2011. "The network structure of economic output," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 309-342, December.
    31. Lin, Bo-qiang & Liu, Jiang-hua, 2010. "Estimating coal production peak and trends of coal imports in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 512-519, January.
    32. Fan, Meiting & Shao, Shuai & Yang, Lili, 2015. "Combining global Malmquist–Luenberger index and generalized method of moments to investigate industrial total factor CO2 emission performance: A case of Shanghai (China)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 189-201.
    33. WU, Jidong & LI, Ning & SHI, Peijun, 2014. "Benchmark wealth capital stock estimations across China's 344 prefectures: 1978 to 2012," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 288-302.
    34. Ron Boschma & Pierre-Alexandre Balland & Dieter Franz Kogler, 2015. "Relatedness and technological change in cities: the rise and fall of technological knowledge in US metropolitan areas from 1981 to 2010," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 24(1), pages 223-250.
    35. Cesar A. Hidalgo & Ricardo Hausmann, 2009. "The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity," Papers 0909.3890, arXiv.org.
    36. Benjamin Davies & David C. Maré, 2021. "Relatedness, complexity and local growth," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(3), pages 479-494, March.
    37. Zhu, Bangzhu & Zhang, Mengfan & Zhou, Yanhua & Wang, Ping & Sheng, Jichuan & He, Kaijian & Wei, Yi-Ming & Xie, Rui, 2019. "Exploring the effect of industrial structure adjustment on interprovincial green development efficiency in China: A novel integrated approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    38. Wang, Shuhong & Zhao, Danqing & Chen, Hanxue, 2020. "Government corruption, resource misallocation, and ecological efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    39. Gao, Yuning & Zhang, Meichen, 2019. "The measure of technical efficiency of China’s provinces with carbon emission factor and the analysis of the influence of structural variables," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 120-129.
    40. Khaled Ben Abdallah & Mounir Belloumi & Daniel de Wolf, 2015. "International comparisons of energy and environmental efficiency in the road transport sector," Post-Print halshs-02396791, HAL.
    41. Chien-Chiang Lee & En-Ze Wang, 2021. "Economic Complexity and Income Inequality: Does Country Risk Matter?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(1), pages 35-60, February.
    42. Zvi Griliches, 1998. "Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey," NBER Chapters, in: R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, pages 287-343, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    43. Wang, Yafei & Liao, Meng & Wang, Yafei & Xu, Lixiao & Malik, Arunima, 2021. "The impact of foreign direct investment on China's carbon emissions through energy intensity and emissions trading system," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    44. Kevin J. Stiroh & Dale W. Jorgenson, 2000. "U.S. Economic Growth at the Industry Level," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(2), pages 161-167, May.
    45. Anthony Shorrocks, 2013. "Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: a unified framework based on the Shapley value," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 11(1), pages 99-126, March.
    46. Fuyou Guo & LianJun Tong & Limeng Xu & Xiao Lu & Yanwen Sheng, 2020. "Spatio‐temporal pattern evolution and spatial spillover effect of green development efficiency: Evidence from Shandong Province, China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 382-401, March.
    47. Guang, Fengtao & He, Yongxiu & Wen, Le & Sharp, Basil, 2019. "Energy intensity and its differences across China’s regions: Combining econometric and decomposition analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 989-1000.
    48. Wan, Guanghua, 2004. "Accounting for income inequality in rural China: a regression-based approach," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 348-363, June.
    49. Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Maria Mazhar & Isma Samreen & Aisha Tauqir, 2022. "Economic complexities and environmental degradation: evidence from OECD countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 5846-5866, April.
    50. Christian Reynolds & Manju Agrawal & Ivan Lee & Chen Zhan & Jiuyong Li & Phillip Taylor & Tim Mares & Julian Morison & Nicholas Angelakis & Göran Roos, 2018. "A sub-national economic complexity analysis of Australia’s states and territories," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(5), pages 715-726, May.
    51. Lv, Chengchao & Shao, Changhua & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2021. "Green technology innovation and financial development: Do environmental regulation and innovation output matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    52. Xiude Chen & Huiyang Li & Quande Qin & Yulian Peng, 2021. "Market-Oriented Reforms and China’s Green Economic Development: An Empirical Study Based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(4), pages 949-971, March.
    53. Muhlis Can & Jan Brusselaers & Mehmet Mercan, 2022. "The effect of export composition on energy demand: A fresh evidence in the context of economic complexity," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 687-703, May.
    54. Ma, Shaoyue & Xu, Xiangbo & Li, Chang & Zhang, Linxiu & Sun, Mingxing, 2021. "Energy consumption inequality decrease with energy consumption increase: Evidence from rural China at micro scale," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    55. Mette Asmild & Joseph Paradi & Vanita Aggarwall & Claire Schaffnit, 2004. "Combining DEA Window Analysis with the Malmquist Index Approach in a Study of the Canadian Banking Industry," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 67-89, January.
    56. Carla Sciarra & Guido Chiarotti & Luca Ridolfi & Francesco Laio, 2020. "Reconciling contrasting views on economic complexity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    57. Han, Yonghui & Zhang, Fan & Huang, Liangxiong & Peng, Keming & Wang, Xianbin, 2021. "Does industrial upgrading promote eco-efficiency? ─A panel space estimation based on Chinese evidence," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    58. Shuhong Wang & Xiaoli Sun & Malin Song, 2021. "Environmental Regulation, Resource Misallocation, and Ecological Efficiency," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(3), pages 410-429, February.
    59. Ben Abdallah, Khaled & Belloumi, Mounir & De Wolf, Daniel, 2015. "International comparisons of energy and environmental efficiency in the road transport sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2087-2101.
    60. Shujin Zhu & Renyu Li, 2017. "Economic complexity, human capital and economic growth: empirical research based on cross-country panel data," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(38), pages 3815-3828, August.
    61. Lan Khanh Chu, 2021. "Economic structure and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: new evidence from economic complexity," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(7), pages 612-616, April.
    62. Na Zhang & Jinqian Deng & Fayyaz Ahmad & Muhammad Umar Draz, 2020. "Local Government Competition and Regional Green Development in China: The Mediating Role of Environmental Regulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-22, May.
    63. Zhang, Zibin & Ye, Jianliang, 2015. "Decomposition of environmental total factor productivity growth using hyperbolic distance functions: A panel data analysis for China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 87-97.
    64. Wu, Haitao & Hao, Yu & Ren, Siyu & Yang, Xiaodong & Xie, Guo, 2021. "Does internet development improve green total factor energy efficiency? Evidence from China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    65. Robert H. Rasche & John A. Tatom, 1977. "Energy resources and potential GNP," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 59(Jun), pages 10-24.
    66. Hu, Guoqiang & Wang, Xiaoqi & Wang, Yu, 2021. "Can the green credit policy stimulate green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2023. "The Quality of Aid for Trade Flows and Economic Complexity," EconStor Preprints 271538, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    2. Yu, Xiang, 2023. "An assessment of the green development efficiency of industrial parks in China: Based on non-desired output and non-radial DEA model," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 81-88.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hidalgo, César A., 2023. "The policy implications of economic complexity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(9).
    2. Diogo Ferraz & Fernanda P. S. Falguera & Enzo B. Mariano & Dominik Hartmann, 2021. "Linking Economic Complexity, Diversification, and Industrial Policy with Sustainable Development: A Structured Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-29, January.
    3. Balland, Pierre-Alexandre & Broekel, Tom & Diodato, Dario & Giuliani, Elisa & Hausmann, Ricardo & O'Clery, Neave & Rigby, David, 2022. "Reprint of The new paradigm of economic complexity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(8).
    4. C'esar A. Hidalgo, 2022. "Knowledge is non-fungible," Papers 2205.02167, arXiv.org.
    5. Saud, Shah & Haseeb, Abdul & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Li, Huiyun, 2023. "Articulating natural resource abundance, economic complexity, education and environmental sustainability in MENA countries: Evidence from advanced panel estimation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    6. Shahzad, Umer & Madaleno, Mara & Dagar, Vishal & Ghosh, Sudeshna & Doğan, Buhari, 2022. "Exploring the role of export product quality and economic complexity for economic progress of developed economies: Does institutional quality matter?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 40-51.
    7. Balland, Pierre-Alexandre & Broekel, Tom & Diodato, Dario & Giuliani, Elisa & Hausmann, Ricardo & O'Clery, Neave & Rigby, David, 2022. "The new paradigm of economic complexity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(3).
    8. Payne, James E. & Truong, Huong Hoang Diep & Chu, Lan Khanh & Doğan, Buhari & Ghosh, Sudeshna, 2023. "The effect of economic complexity and energy security on measures of energy efficiency: Evidence from panel quantile analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    9. Ashraf, Junaid, 2022. "Do political instability, financial instability and environmental degradation undermine growth? Evidence from belt and road initiative countries," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(6), pages 1113-1127.
    10. Cesar A. Hidalgo, 2022. "Knowledge is non-fungible," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2229, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Nov 2022.
    11. Trung V. Vu, 2022. "Does institutional quality foster economic complexity? The fundamental drivers of productive capabilities," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 1571-1604, September.
    12. Chu, Lan Khanh & Hoang, Dung Phuong, 2020. "How does economic complexity influence income inequality? New evidence from international data," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 44-57.
    13. Jian Gao & Tao Zhou, 2017. "Quantifying China's Regional Economic Complexity," Papers 1703.01292, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2017.
    14. Ibolya Török & József Benedek & Manuel Gómez-Zaldívar, 2022. "Quantifying Subnational Economic Complexity: Evidence from Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    15. Henri Njangang & Youssouf Nvuh-Njoya, 2023. "Unravelling the link between democracy and economic complexity: fresh evidence from the Varieties of Democracy data," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 1-32, March.
    16. Dung Phuong Hoang & Lan Khanh Chu, 2023. "Progression to Higher Economic Complexity: The Role of Institutions," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 4339-4366, December.
    17. Florian Bucher & Lucas Scheu & Benedikt Schröpf, 2023. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: evidence from the former socialist transition countries," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(3), pages 807-847, August.
    18. Bernardo Caldarola & Dario Mazzilli & Lorenzo Napolitano & Aurelio Patelli & Angelica Sbardella, 2023. "Economic complexity and the sustainability transition: A review of data, methods, and literature," Papers 2308.07172, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2024.
    19. Zoran Utkovski & Melanie F Pradier & Viktor Stojkoski & Fernando Perez-Cruz & Ljupco Kocarev, 2018. "Economic complexity unfolded: Interpretable model for the productive structure of economies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-24, August.
    20. Chien‐Chiang Lee & Godwin Olasehinde‐Williams, 2024. "Does economic complexity influence environmental performance? Empirical evidence from OECD countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 356-382, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economic complexity; Green development efficiency; Innovation; Human capital; Mediating effect model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:117:y:2023:i:c:s0140988322005722. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eneco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.