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Assessing the potential of PV hybrid systems to cover HVAC loads in a grid-connected residential building through intelligent control

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  • Solano, J.C.
  • Olivieri, L.
  • Caamaño-Martín, E.

Abstract

This paper presents theoretical and experimental work that is being carried out in a grid-connected residential building demonstrator available at the Instituto de Energía Solar (IES) of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) in Madrid, Spain. The house is provided with a building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) system coupled to a battery energy storage system (BESS), and a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system (HVAC) based on two air-to-air direct expansion reversible heat pumps. Thermal loads, HVAC consumption, and PV generation are simulated using different dynamic models, and they are validated with actual data derived from monitoring the experimental campaign. A model of intelligent control of BESS is proposed, which aims to supply the selected application (HVAC load) with two control strategies: increasing PV self-consumption and grid-peak shaving. This model has been validated with experimental data (error<10%). Furthermore, the study includes aging and degradation effects on the batteries to make allowance for realistic lifetime assessment. The results of the case study show that in a building without a BESS, the self-consumption rate is about 30%; however, with the implementation of the proposed control, it could achieve approximately 50%, depending on the BESS capacity and the PV generator nominal power. Likewise, by using a combination of both strategies, it is possible to reduce both contracted power and energy consumption (77% and 49% respectively for case study).

Suggested Citation

  • Solano, J.C. & Olivieri, L. & Caamaño-Martín, E., 2017. "Assessing the potential of PV hybrid systems to cover HVAC loads in a grid-connected residential building through intelligent control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 249-266.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:206:y:2017:i:c:p:249-266
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.188
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    6. Solano, J.C. & Brito, M.C. & Caamaño-Martín, E., 2018. "Impact of fixed charges on the viability of self-consumption photovoltaics," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 322-331.
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    9. Ren, Haoshan & Sun, Yongjun & Albdoor, Ahmed K. & Tyagi, V.V. & Pandey, A.K. & Ma, Zhenjun, 2021. "Improving energy flexibility of a net-zero energy house using a solar-assisted air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and demand-side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
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    12. Cheng, Lin & Wan, Yuxiang & Tian, Liting & Zhang, Fang, 2019. "Evaluating energy supply service reliability for commercial air conditioning loads from the distribution network aspect," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
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    14. Sofiane Kichou & Nikolaos Skandalos & Petr Wolf, 2020. "Evaluation of Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Effects on the Load Matching Indicators Based on Real Monitored Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    15. Alex Ximenes Naves & Laureano Jiménez Esteller & Assed Naked Haddad & Dieter Boer, 2021. "Targeting Energy Efficiency through Air Conditioning Operational Modes for Residential Buildings in Tropical Climates, Assisted by Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage. Case Study Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-29, November.
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    18. Jaszczur, Marek & Hassan, Qusay & Abdulateef, Ammar M. & Abdulateef, Jasim, 2021. "Assessing the temporal load resolution effect on the photovoltaic energy flows and self-consumption," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1077-1090.

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