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Graphical analysis of photovoltaic generation and load matching in buildings: A novel way of studying self-consumption and self-sufficiency

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  • Luthander, Rasmus
  • Nilsson, Annica M.
  • Widén, Joakim
  • Åberg, Magnus

Abstract

For on-site renewable energy supply, such as photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation, an important issue is the daily and seasonal matching between on-site supply and demand. The matching potential is frequently expressed using the load matching indicators such as self-sufficiency and self-consumption. This paper presents the Energy matching chart, which is a novel graphical approach to visualize the PV-load matching. The chart uses self-sufficiency and self-consumption to provide information regarding the matching in both size and time. Using the Energy matching chart, the matching between PV production and load presented in previous studies is graphically analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the potentials for the two most common measures for improving the matching, namely energy storage and load shifting, are investigated. The results show that energy storage has, on average, a significantly higher potential for increasing the PV-load matching than load shifting. The second part of the paper, illustrates the benefits of the Energy matching chart by evaluating the Swedish implementation of the EU legislation on nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs). The assessment is performed for detached houses and evaluates the feasibility to use PV and battery systems for Swedish nZEBs. The results show that on-site PV production can help buildings to meet the nZEB regulations, but there are limitations due to the poor time-dependent matching. With a combined PV-battery system, the potential to meet the regulation is significantly larger. To summarize, the Energy matching chart has the potential to become a useful tool in the assessment of PV system and the evaluation of load matching measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Luthander, Rasmus & Nilsson, Annica M. & Widén, Joakim & Åberg, Magnus, 2019. "Graphical analysis of photovoltaic generation and load matching in buildings: A novel way of studying self-consumption and self-sufficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 748-759.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:250:y:2019:i:c:p:748-759
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.058
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    2. Mu, Yunfei & Xu, Yanze & Zhang, Jiarui & Wu, Zeqing & Jia, Hongjie & Jin, Xiaolong & Qi, Yan, 2023. "A data-driven rolling optimization control approach for building energy systems that integrate virtual energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
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    5. Reza Fachrizal & Joakim Munkhammar, 2020. "Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Kurdi, Yumna & Alkhatatbeh, Baraa J. & Asadi, Somayeh & Jebelli, Houtan, 2022. "A decision-making design framework for the integration of PV systems in the urban energy planning process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 288-304.
    7. Fachrizal, Reza & Shepero, Mahmoud & Åberg, Magnus & Munkhammar, Joakim, 2022. "Optimal PV-EV sizing at solar powered workplace charging stations with smart charging schemes considering self-consumption and self-sufficiency balance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    8. Muñoz-Rodríguez, Francisco José & Jiménez-Castillo, Gabino & de la Casa Hernández, Jesús & Aguilar Peña, Juan Domingo, 2021. "A new tool to analysing photovoltaic self-consumption systems with batteries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1327-1343.
    9. Nicola Franzoi & Alessandro Prada & Sara Verones & Paolo Baggio, 2021. "Enhancing PV Self-Consumption through Energy Communities in Heating-Dominated Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    10. Jouttijärvi, Sami & Lobaccaro, Gabriele & Kamppinen, Aleksi & Miettunen, Kati, 2022. "Benefits of bifacial solar cells combined with low voltage power grids at high latitudes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    11. Francesca Ceglia & Elisa Marrasso & Giovanna Pallotta & Carlo Roselli & Maurizio Sasso, 2022. "The State of the Art of Smart Energy Communities: A Systematic Review of Strengths and Limits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-28, May.
    12. David Bienvenido-Huertas, 2020. "Analysis of the Relationship of the Improvement of Façades and Thermal Bridges of Spanish Building Stock with the Mitigation of Its Energy and Environmental Impact," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    13. Chegari, Badr & Tabaa, Mohamed & Simeu, Emmanuel & Moutaouakkil, Fouad & Medromi, Hicham, 2022. "An optimal surrogate-model-based approach to support comfortable and nearly zero energy buildings design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    14. Lovati, Marco & Dallapiccola, Mattia & Adami, Jennifer & Bonato, Paolo & Zhang, Xingxing & Moser, David, 2020. "Design of a residential photovoltaic system: the impact of the demand profile and the normative framework," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1458-1467.

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