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Health Care Expenditures in OECD Countries: A Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Analysis

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Author Info
Dreger, C.
Reimers, H.E.

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Abstract

This paper examines the linkationship between health care expenditures and gdp for 21 oecd countries using panel cointegration techniques. the analysis accounts for the fact that health care expenditures are not solely driven by income, but also by medical progress, where different measures are used. in the extended models, cointegration can be established. the income elasticity is not different from unity, implying that health care is not a luxury good. this finding is robust for alternative proxies of medical progress, and various estimators of the cointegration vector. in addition, cointegration can be detected even between nonstationary common factors.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Euro-American Association of Economic Development in its journal International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies .

Volume (Year): 2 (2005)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
Pages: 5-20
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Handle: RePEc:eaa:ijaeqs:v:2:y2005:i:2_1

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Related research
Keywords: health care expenditures; medical progress; panel cointegration; common factors;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data
I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Okunade, Albert A., 2004. "Concepts, measures, and models of technology and technical progress in medical care and health economics," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 363-368, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  3. Chihwa Kao & Suzanne McCoskey, 1997. "A Residual-Based Test Of The Null Of Cointegration In Panel Data," Econometrics 9711002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. J. Breitung, . "A parametric approach to the estimation of cointegration vectors in panel data," Sonderforschungsbereich 373 2002-3, Humboldt Universitaet Berlin.
  5. John Y. Campbell & Pierre Perron, 1991. "Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know About Unit Roots," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1991, Volume 6, pages 141-220 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. McCoskey, Suzanne K. & Selden, Thomas M., 1998. "Health care expenditures and GDP: panel data unit root test results," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 369-376, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-80, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Peter C.B. Phillips, 1993. "Fully Modified Least Squares and Vector Autoregression," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1047, Cowles Foundation, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Jörg Breitung, 2002. "A parametric approach to the estimation of cointegration vectors in panel data," 10th International Conference on Panel Data, Berlin, July 5-6, 2002 B5-4, International Conferences on Panel Data. [Downloadable!]
  10. Urbain, Jean-Pierre & Westerlund, Joakim, 2006. "Spurious Regression in Nonstationary Panels with Cross-Unit Cointegration," Research Memoranda 057, Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization. [Downloadable!]
  11. Newey, Whitney K & West, Kenneth D, 1994. "Automatic Lag Selection in Covariance Matrix Estimation," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 61(4), pages 631-53, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 1993. "A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 61(4), pages 783-820, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Jennifer Roberts, 1999. "Sensitivity of elasticity estimates for OECD health care spending: analysis of a dynamic heterogeneous data field," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(5), pages 459-472.
  14. Kaddour Hadri, 2000. "Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 3(2), pages 148-161.
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  15. Okunade, Albert A & Karakus, Mustafa C, 2001. "Unit Root and Cointegration Tests: Time-Series versus Panel Estimates for International Health Expenditure Models," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 33(9), pages 1131-37, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Jewell, Todd & Lee, Junsoo & Tieslau, Margie & Strazicich, Mark C., 2003. "Stationarity of health expenditures and GDP: evidence from panel unit root tests with heterogeneous structural breaks," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 313-323, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Nelson C. Mark & Donggyu Sul, 2003. "Cointegration Vector Estimation by Panel DOLS and Long-run Money Demand," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 65(5), pages 655-680, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  18. Anindya Banerjee & Massimiliano Marcellino & Chiara Osbat, 2004. "Some cautions on the use of panel methods for integrated series of macroeconomic data," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 7(2), pages 322-340, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  19. Bai, Jushan, 2004. "Estimating cross-section common stochastic trends in nonstationary panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 122(1), pages 137-183, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Pasaran, M.H. & Im, K.S. & Shin, Y., 1995. "Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9526, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Miguel Ramirez, 2007. "A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Test of the Complementarity Hypothesis in the Mexican Case: 1960–2001," Atlantic Economic Journal, International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 35(3), pages 343-356, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Badi H. Baltagi & Francesco Moscone, 2009. "Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence from Panel Data," Discussion Papers in Economics 09/5, Department of Economics, University of Leicester. [Downloadable!]
  3. Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann D. & Dierk Herzer & Sebastian Vollmer & Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso, 2006. "Chile´s Market Share in the EU Market: The Role of Price Competition in a Panel Analysis Setting," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 139, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  4. Andrea Leiter & Engelbert Theurl, 2009. "The Convergence of Health Care Financing Structures: Empirical Evidence from OECD-Countries," NRN working papers 2009-12, The Austrian Center for Labor Economics and the Analysis of the Welfare State, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. [Downloadable!]
  5. Roel van Elk & Esther Mot & Philip Hans Franses, 2009. "Modelling health care expenditures," CPB Discussion Papers 121, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  6. Ramirez, Miguel D., 2008. "Are Foreign and Public Capital Productive in the Mexican Case? A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Analysis," Working Papers 49, Yale University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  7. Andrea M. Leiter & Engelbert Theurl, 2009. "The Convergence of Health Care Financing Structures: Empirical Evidence from OECD-Countries," Working Papers 2009-20, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck. [Downloadable!]
  8. Elisa Tosetti & Francesco Moscone, 2007. "Health Expenditure and Income in the United States," Discussion Papers in Economics 07/14, Department of Economics, University of Leicester. [Downloadable!]
  9. Chakroun, Mohamed, 2009. "Health care expenditure and GDP: An international panel smooth transition approach," MPRA Paper 14322, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
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