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Racial Integration as an Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Sports Leagues

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Author Info
Brian L. Goff
Robert E. McCormick
Robert D. Tollison

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Abstract

This paper treats racial integration as an innovation in economic process in which economic entities find it advantageous to utilize potentially more productive inputs previously unavailable due to law, custom, or managerial discretion. Data on the racial integration of Major League Baseball and Atlantic Coast Conference basketball are employed to address this issue. The central question examined is which type of team integrated first—losers or winners? The results strongly support the idea that entrepreneurship trumps competitive rivalry; that is, winning teams led the process of racial integration.

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File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1257/000282802760015586
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File URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=AER&volume=92&issue=1&article=2&issue_date=March%202002
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Publisher Info
Article provided by American Economic Association in its journal American Economic Review.

Volume (Year): 92 (2002)
Issue (Month): 1 (March)
Pages: 16-26
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Handle: RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:92:y:2002:i:1:p:16-26

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Clement, Robert C & McCormick, Robert E, 1989. "Coaching Team Production," Economic Inquiry, Oxford University Press, vol. 27(2), pages 287-304, April.
  2. Wright, Gavin, 1999. "The Civil Rights Revolution as Economic History," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 59(02), pages 267-289, June. [Downloadable!]
  3. Altonji, Joseph G. & Blank, Rebecca M., 1999. "Race and gender in the labor market," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 48, pages 3143-3259 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Rob Simmons & D Berri, 2007. "Race and the evaluation of signal callers in the national football league," Working Papers 005291, Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Aju Fenn & Peter Allmen & Stacey Brook & Thomas Preissing, 2005. "The Influence of Structural Changes and International Players on Competitive Balance in the NHL," Atlantic Economic Journal, International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 33(2), pages 215-224, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Martin Schmidt, 2009. "The nonlinear behavior of competition: the impact of talent compression on competition," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 57-74, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Franc J.G.M. Klaasen & Jan R. Magnus, 2006. "Are Economic Agents Successful Optimizers? An Analysis through Service Strategy in Tennis," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 06-048/2, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
  5. Christopher Coyne & Justin Isaacs & Jeremy Schwartz & Anthony Carilli, 2007. "Put me in, Coach, I’m ready to play," The Review of Austrian Economics, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 237-246, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Klaassen, Franc J.G.M. & Magnus, Jan R., 2006. "Are economic agents succesful optimizers? : an analysis through strategy in tennis," Discussion Paper 52, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
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