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Das Demokratiedefizit der Europäischen Union und die politische Integration Europas: Eine Analyse der Einstellungen der Bürger in Westeuropa

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  • Fuchs, Dieter

Abstract

Nach einer verbreiteten Auffassung hat die Transformation der EU zu einem Regime mit supranationalem Charakter, die durch den Vertrag von Maastricht eingeleitet wurde, mehrere legitimationswirksame Konsequenzen. Erstens führt sie zu einer Politisierung der EU, und in Folge davon wird die EU nicht mehr nur mit ökonomischen Effizienzkriterien, sondern auch mit demokratischen Standards konfrontiert. Zweitens wird den Bürgern auf diese Weise das Demokratiedefizit der EU bewusst, und das führt wiederum zu einer Erosion der Unterstützung der EU. Diese Thesen können durch die empirischen Befunde der Analyse nicht bestätigt werden. Nach dem Vertrag von Maastricht ist die Zufriedenheit mit dem Funktionieren der EU keineswegs gesunken, und die Kausalanalyse hat gezeigt, dass die EU immer noch primär auf der Grundlage instrumenteller Bewertungsstandards beurteilt wird. Der Bezugspunkt für die demokratischen Standards der Bürger ist offenbar weiterhin der eigene Nationalstaat, und die Einschätzung der Demokratie der EU kann als eine Generalisierung der Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie des eigenen Landes begriffen werden. Es kann allerdings gefragt werden, ob die EU dauerhaft auf eine Mobilisierung von Unterstützung auf der Grundlage demokratischer Standards verzichten kann. Diese Mobilisierung würde allerdings die Institutionalisierung einer europäischen Demokratie voraussetzen.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuchs, Dieter, 2002. "Das Demokratiedefizit der Europäischen Union und die politische Integration Europas: Eine Analyse der Einstellungen der Bürger in Westeuropa," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Institutions and Social Change FS III 02-204, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbisc:fsiii02204
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    1. Caldeira, Gregory A. & Gibson, James L., 1995. "The Legitimacy of the Court of Justice in the European Union: Models of Institutional Support," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 89(2), pages 356-376, June.
    2. Fuchs, Dieter, 1999. "Soziale Integration und politische Institutionen in modernen Gesellschaften," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Institutions and Social Change FS III 99-203, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    3. Eichenberg, Richard C. & Dalton, Russell J., 1993. "Europeans and the European Community: the dynamics of public support for European integration," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 47(4), pages 507-534, October.
    4. Easton, David, 1975. "A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(4), pages 435-457, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marks, Gary & Hooghe, Liesbet, 2003. "National identity and support for European integration," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Democracy and Democratization SP IV 2003-202, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    2. Netjes, Catherine E. & Edwards, Erica, 2005. "Taking Europe to its extremes: Examining cueing effects of right-wing populist parties on public opinion regarding European integration," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Democracy and Democratization SP IV 2005-202, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

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