IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/tuiedp/343550.html

Die Diskussion um die 50plus1-Regel im deutschen Fußball zwischen Selbstregulierung und wettbewerbspolitischer Intervention

Author

Listed:
  • Budzinski, Oliver

Abstract

Bereits seit einiger Zeit wird darüber diskutiert, ob die sog. 50plus1- Regel, mit welcher die Deutsche Fußball Liga die Ziele Vereinsprägung und Mitbestimmung im Profifußball erreichen möchte, konform zu den Wettbewerbsregeln ist oder einen wettbewerbsrechtlichen Verstoß darstellt. Dem entsprechend beschäftigt sich auch das Bundeskartellamt mit diesem Fall. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf die Ausnahmen von der Regel und arbeitet aus (sport- und wettbewerbs-) ökonomischer Sicht heraus, dass selbst wenn man die 50plus1-Regel akzeptieren könnte, die relevanten Ausnahmen davon jedoch den Wettbewerb unbotmäßig verzerren würden. Angesichts der Zurückhaltung des Bundeskartellamts, hier mit einem formalen Beschluss zu intervenieren, untersucht der Beitrag weiterhin, welche Anreize und Möglichkeiten der Ligaverband als marktinterner Regulierer hat, die Ausnahmen wirksam und zeitnah abzuschaffen. Die ökonomische Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass wirksame Maßnahmen der Selbstregulierung nicht zu erwarten sind. Daher wird ein formales Eingreifen des Bundeskartellamts befürwortet.

Suggested Citation

  • Budzinski, Oliver, 2026. "Die Diskussion um die 50plus1-Regel im deutschen Fußball zwischen Selbstregulierung und wettbewerbspolitischer Intervention," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 208, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:tuiedp:343550
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/343550/1/198267217X.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Markus Lang & Martin Grossmann & Philipp Theiler, 2011. "The Sugar Daddy Game: How Wealthy Investors Change Competition in Professional Team Sports," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 167(4), pages 557-577, December.
    2. Helmut M. Dietl & Markus Lang & Stephan Werner, 2009. "Social Welfare in Sports Leagues with Profit‐Maximizing and/or Win‐Maximizing Clubs," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 76(2), pages 375-396, October.
    3. Dewenter Ralf & Klein Gordon J., 2020. "Entscheidungspraxis des Bundeskartellamts im Bereich der Bundesliga-Übertragungsrechte," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 71(1), pages 275-299, April.
    4. Budzinski, Oliver & Haucap, Justus, 2026. "Fiskalregeln im Profifußball: Was bringt Financial Fair Play?," DICE Ordnungspolitische Perspektiven 119, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    5. Oliver Budzinski, 2024. "Financial Regulation as an Anticompetitive Institution," Springer Books, in: Markus Breuer & David Forrest (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook on the Economics of Manipulation in Sport, edition 0, chapter 0, pages 135-155, Springer.
    6. Budzinski, Oliver & Müller, Anika, 2013. "Finanzregulierung und internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit: Der Fall Deutsche Bundesliga," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 82, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    7. Simon Rottenberg, 1956. "The Baseball Players' Labor Market," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 64(3), pages 242-242.
    8. Budzinski, Oliver, 2023. "(Sports) economics upside down? A comment on the Advocate General opinion in European Super League versus UEFA/FIFA," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 173, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    9. Egon Franck & Markus Lang, 2014. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Money Injections on Risk Taking in Football Clubs," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 61(4), pages 430-454, September.
    10. Budzinski Oliver & Kuchinke Björn A., 2012. "Deal or No Deal? Consensual Arrangements as an Instrument of European Competition Policy," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 63(3), pages 265-292, December.
    11. Oliver Budzinski & Stefan Szymanski, 2015. "Are Restrictions Of Competition By Sports Associations Horizontal Or Vertical In Nature?," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 11(2), pages 409-429.
    12. Budzinski, Oliver, 2024. "Financial regulation in sport championships as an anticompetitive institution," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 187, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    13. Helmut M. Dietl & Markus Lang & Stephan Werner, 2009. "Social Welfare in Sports Leagues with Profit-Maximizing and/or Win-Maximizing Clubs," Southern Economic Journal, Southern Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 375-396, October.
    14. Gürtler Oliver, 2007. "A Rationale for the Coexistence of Central and Decentral Marketing in Team Sports," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 89-106, February.
    15. Sloane, Peter J, 1971. "The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club as a Utility Maximiser," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 18(2), pages 121-146, June.
    16. Peeters, Thomas, 2012. "Media revenue sharing as a coordination device in sports leagues," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 153-163.
    17. Budzinski, Oliver, 2014. "The competition economics of financial fair play," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 85, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    18. Frédéric Marty, 2025. "Vers une approche générale des obligations concurrentielles des contrôleurs d'accès. Quels enseignements tirer de l'arrêt International Skating Union?," Post-Print halshs-04963855, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Budzinski, Oliver & Haucap, Justus, 2026. "Fiskalregeln im Profifußball: Was bringt Financial Fair Play?," DICE Ordnungspolitische Perspektiven 119, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Budzinski, Oliver & Feddersen, Arne & Kunz-Kaltenhäuser, Philipp, 2023. "Zwischen Wettbewerbsorganisation und Wettbewerbsverzerrungen - Regelsetzungen durch europäische Fußballverbände," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 174, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    2. Budzinski, Oliver, 2017. "Market-internal financial regulation in sports as an anticompetitive institution," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 110, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    3. Budzinski, Oliver & Feddersen, Arne, 2022. "Should organizing premier-level European football be a monopoly? And who should run it? - An economists' perspective," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 166, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    4. Budzinski, Oliver, 2024. "Financial regulation in sport championships as an anticompetitive institution," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 187, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    5. Budzinski, Oliver & Haucap, Justus, 2026. "Fiskalregeln im Profifußball: Was bringt Financial Fair Play?," DICE Ordnungspolitische Perspektiven 119, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    6. Helmut M. Dietl & Martin Grossmann & Markus Lang, 2011. "Competitive Balance and Revenue Sharing in Sports Leagues With Utility-Maximizing Teams," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 12(3), pages 284-308, June.
    7. Budzinski, Oliver & Kunz-Kaltenhäuser, Philipp, 2020. "Promoting or restricting competition? - The 50plus1-rule in German football," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 141, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    8. Budzinski, Oliver, 2025. "Sports governing bodies vs. antitrust 0 - 4? Sport and competition economics comments on the recent judgements of the European Court of Justice," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 205, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    9. Oliver Budzinski & Anika Müller‐Kock, 2018. "Is The Revenue Allocation Scheme Of Formula One Motor Racing A Case For European Competition Policy?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(1), pages 215-233, January.
    10. Budzinski, Oliver, 2014. "The competition economics of financial fair play," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 85, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    11. Budzinski, Oliver & Müller-Kock, Anika, 2016. "Market power and media revenue allocation in professonal sports: The case of formula one," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 102, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    12. Budzinski, Oliver, 2017. "Four cases in sports competition policy: Baseball, judo, football, and motor racing," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 109, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    13. Peter Sloane, 2014. "Club objectives," Chapters, in: John Goddard & Peter Sloane (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Professional Football, chapter 1, pages 13-22, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    14. John Vrooman, 2015. "Sportsman Leagues," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 62(1), pages 90-115, February.
    15. Philip L. Hersch & Jodi E. Pelkowski, 2019. "The Consequences (and Nonconsequences) of Ownership Change: The Case of Major League Baseball," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 20(1), pages 72-90, January.
    16. Helmut M. Dietl & Egon Franck & Markus Lang & Alexander Rathke, 2012. "Salary Cap Regulation In Professional Team Sports," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 30(3), pages 307-319, July.
    17. Budzinski, Oliver & Gänßle, Sophia & Kunz-Kaltenhäuser, Philipp, 2019. "How does online streaming affect antitrust remedies to centralized marketing? The case of European football broadcasting rights," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 128, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    18. Gallagher, Ronan & Quinn, Barry, 2019. "Regulatory Own Goals: The Unintended Consequences of Economic Regulation in Professional Football," QBS Working Paper Series 2019/02, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Business School.
    19. Helmut Dietl & Egon Franck & Markus Lang & Alexander Rathke, 2010. "Organizational Differences between U.S. Major Leagues and European Leagues: Implications for Salary Caps," Working Papers 0122, University of Zurich, Institute for Strategy and Business Economics (ISU).
    20. Egon Franck & Markus Lang, 2014. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Money Injections on Risk Taking in Football Clubs," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 61(4), pages 430-454, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • L40 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - General
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
    • Z20 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - General

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:tuiedp:343550. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ivtuide.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.