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Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von makroökonomischen Modellen zur (exante) Evaluierung wirtschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen

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  • Wolters, Maik

Abstract

In dieser Studie werden die makroökonomischen Auswirkungen verschiedener Fiskalkonsolidierungspläne von Ländern der Eurozone analysiert. Dafür wird ein theoretisch fundiertes makroökonomisches Modell genutzt. Die Eignung des Modells und die Wichtigkeit verschiedener Features wie beispielsweise der Modellierung der Erwartungsbildung, eines detailliert modellierten Staatssektors und kreditbeschränkter Haushalte werden diskutiert. Mit dem Modell können die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaftswachstum, Inflation und weitere Variablen sowie der dynamische Anpassungsprozess in der kurzen Frist analysiert werden. Die Hauptergebnisse zeigen, dass Konsolidierungspläne, die einen Schwerpunkt auf Steuererhöhungen setzen, gesamtwirtschaftlich ungünstigere Auswirkungen haben, als Konsolidierungen über Kürzungen auf der Ausgabenseite. Insbesondere Erhöhungen der Einkommen- oder Kapitalertragsteuer haben starke negative Auswirkungen zur Folge und reduzieren das Produktionspotenzial. Eine Erhöhung der Konsumsteuer verhindert eine starke Verringerung der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität in der kurzen Frist, hat aber kurz- und langfristig negative Auswirkungen auf den Konsum. Eine Senkung des Staatskonsums führt zu einem Sinken des BIPs in der kurzen Frist, der Konsum steigt hingegen. Gekoppelt mit einer langfristigen Steuersenkung können durch eine Reduzierung des Staatskonsums die gesamtwirtschaftliche Leistung und der Konsum in der langen Frist substantiell erhöht werden. Eine Senkung von Transferzahlungen wirkt selbst in der kurzen Frist expansiv. Gekoppelt mit einer langfristigen Steuersenkung kann durch Transferreduzierungen das BIP in der langen Frist stärker erhöht werden als durch eine Senkung des Staatskonsums. Wird über Transferkürzungen konsolidiert, die gezielt nur Haushalte betreffen, die keinen Kreditbeschränkungen unterliegen, so kann eine Verringerung des Konsums aller modellierten Haushalte und des BIPs in der kurzen Frist vermieden werden und gleichzeitig das Produktionspotenzial in der langen Frist gesteigert werden.

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  • Wolters, Maik, 2013. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von makroökonomischen Modellen zur (exante) Evaluierung wirtschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen," Working Papers 05/2013, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:052013
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    2. Henrike Michaelis & Steffen Elstner & Christoph Schmidt, 2015. "Überprüfung des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumsgesetzes," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 95(12), pages 830-836, December.
    3. Bofinger, Peter & Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Wieland, Volker, 2015. "Konsequenzen aus der Griechenland-Krise für einen stabileren Euro-Raum," Special Reports / Sondergutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, number 141317.
    4. Sebastian Dullien & Till Treeck & Henrike Michaelis & Steffen Elstner & Christoph M. Schmidt, 2016. "Argumente gegen die Reform des Stabilitätsgesetzes wenig überzeugend — eine Replik [An Assessment of the Economic Stability and Growth Law — Reply and Response]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 96(4), pages 258-264, April.
    5. Bofinger, Peter & Buch, Claudia M. & Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Wieland, Volker, 2013. "Gegen eine rückwärtsgewandte Wirtschaftspolitik. Jahresgutachten 2013/14 [Against a backward-looking economic policy. Annual Report 2013/14]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201314.
    6. Bofinger, Peter & Schnabel, Isabel & Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Wieland, Volker, 2014. "Mehr Vertrauen in Marktprozesse. Jahresgutachten 2014/15 [More confidence in market processes. Annual Report 2014/15]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201415.

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