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Alternative Finanzierung der erneuerbaren Energien: Experimentelle Evidenz für Deutschland

Author

Listed:
  • Frondel, Manuel
  • Eßer, Jana
  • Sommer, Stephan

Abstract

Die jüngste Verschärfung der nationalen Klimaschutzziele erfordert die Ergreifung zusätzlicher umweltund klimapolitischer Maßnahmen sowie eventuelle Nachbesserungen bei den bestehenden Maßnahmen, etwa einen beschleunigten Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien. Dies führt unweigerlich zu höheren Lasten für die Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Damit einher gehen zahlreiche Fragen, etwa zu deren Präferenzen und Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen bezüglich dieser Maßnahmen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurde im Juni 2021 eine Erhebung unter rund 8.000 Mitgliedern des forsa-Haushaltspanels durchgeführt. Die Erhebung beinhaltete ein randomisiertes Kontrollexperiment, um herauszufinden, welche von zwei Finanzierungsalternativen die Befragten beim Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien bevorzugen: die Finanzierung über die Stromrechnung, wie es über zwei Jahrzehnte der Fall war, oder durch den Staat. Das zentrale Ergebnis bezüglich der beiden zur Wahl gestellten Finanzierungsalternativen lautet: Die große Mehrheit der Befragten votiert dafür, dass der Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien aus Steuermitteln des Staates finanziert wird. So halten 69,7% der Befragten der Kontrollgruppe eine Finanzierung durch den Staat für die gerechtere Alternative. Mit der Abschaffung der EEG-Umlage zum 1. Juli 2022 und der gänzlichen Finanzierung der Kosten der Förderung der Erneuerbaren aus Steuermitteln hat die Politik den Präferenzen der Mehrheit der Befragten entsprochen. Allerdings konterkarieren die gerade sehr stark gestiegenen Stromerzeugungskosten die dämpfenden Effekte der Abschaffung der EEG-Umlage. Dadurch steigen die Strompreise für die Verbraucher aktuell massiv an, um 50 % und mehr gegenüber dem Jahr 2021. Deshalb sollte die Politik weitere Maßnahmen ergreifen, um die privaten Haushalte beim Strompreis substanziell zu entlasten, nicht zuletzt durch die Senkung der Stromsteuer auf den EU-Mindestsatz. Andernfalls könnten die stark gestiegenen Strompreise in Kombination mit den mit der Zeit wachsenden Belastungen durch die neu eingeführte CO2-Bepreisung fossiler Brenn- und Kraftstoffe eine hohe soziale Sprengkraft entfalten.

Suggested Citation

  • Frondel, Manuel & Eßer, Jana & Sommer, Stephan, 2022. "Alternative Finanzierung der erneuerbaren Energien: Experimentelle Evidenz für Deutschland," RWI Materialien 149, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:rwimat:149
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities

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