AI Competencies for Business Leaders: Building Sustainable Transformation Skills

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into business operations, influencing decisions across finance services industry, supply chains, energy sector, and beyond. Despite significant investments, many organisations struggle to scale pilot projects, ensure consistent governance, and fully embed AI into core strategy. Simultaneously, heightened expectations around sustainability and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance demand that leaders use AI not only for efficiency but also for responsible, long-term impact. The primary objective of this research is to identify six essential competencies for executives leading AI-driven transformation: (1) AI and data literacy, (2) governance and risk management capability, (3) ethics and trust building, (4) sustainability-oriented systems thinking, (5) collaborative leadership, and (6) workforce enablement. These competencies are not merely abstract concepts. For example, finance leaders need the capacity to identify bias in lending models, supply chain executives must weigh predictive analytics against resilience, and/or energy leaders face trade-offs between efficiency and environmental responsibility. To support executives in building these capabilities, the authors propose a practical toolkit connecting each competency to governance processes such as risk registers, impact assessments, and ESG dashboards, offering actionable strategies rather than aspirational statements. The findings indicate that executives who build strength in these areas make sharper investment decisions, gain stakeholder trust, and deliver AI outcomes that align with sustainability commitments. This framework thus provides a practical pathway from small-scale experimentation to enterprise-wide responsible transformation.