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FDI in small accession countries: the Baltic states

Author

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  • Gabor Hunya

    (Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies)

Abstract

Analysing the evolution and determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, this paper argues that sound economic policies have created an environment conducive for FDI. Overall, FDI has contributed to economic growth in the Baltic economies, having financed around one-fifth of fixed investment. However, their small size makes the Baltic countries relatively less attractive for market-seeking FDI in manufacturing. Moreover, at the outset of transition, their economies were dominated by relatively uncompetitive low-technology industries, which made them less interesting for manufacturing-based export-oriented FDI. Thus, FDI largely went to relatively low-technology sectors, such as wood processing and food, and it has not helped radically transform the structure of the manufacturing sector. A major part of FDI went into services, including banking and telecommunication, contributing to increasing efficiency in the whole economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabor Hunya, 2004. "FDI in small accession countries: the Baltic states," EIB Papers 9/2004, European Investment Bank, Economics Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:eibpap:2004_009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Urmas Varblane & Tonu Roolaht & Ele Reiljan & Rein Juriado, 2001. "Estonian Outward Foreign Direct Investments," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 9, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    2. Rajneesh Narula & John Dunning, 2000. "Industrial Development, Globalization and Multinational Enterprises: New Realities for Developing Countries," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(2), pages 141-167.
    3. Zhang, Kevin Honglin & Markusen, James R., 1999. "Vertical multinationals and host-country characteristics," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(2), pages 233-252, August.
    4. Gábor Hunya (ed.), 2000. "Integration Through Foreign Direct Investment," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1839, December.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Andrzej Cieślik & Oleg Gurshev, 2021. "Factor Endowments, Economic Integration, Round-Tripping, and Inward FDI: Evidence from the Baltic Economies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Alexakis, Panayotis D. & Kenourgios, Dimitris & Dimitriou, Dimitrios, 2016. "On emerging stock market contagion: The Baltic region," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 312-321.
    3. World Bank, 2005. "Lithuania : Investment Climate Assessment," World Bank Publications - Reports 8568, The World Bank Group.
    4. Gulcin Elif Yucel, 2014. "FDI and Economic Growth: The Case of Baltic Countries," Research in World Economy, Research in World Economy, Sciedu Press, vol. 5(2), pages 115-134, September.
    5. Rasmus Bøgh Holmen & Nicolas Gavoille & Jaan Masso & Arūnas Burinskas, 2023. "Internationalization in the Baltic Regional Accounts: A NUTS 3 Region Dataset," Data, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-32, November.
    6. ArÅ«nas Burinskas & ArÅ«nas Burinskas & Rasmus Bøgh Holmen & Manuela TvaronaviÄ ienÄ— & AgnÄ— Å imelytÄ— & Kristina RazminienÄ—, 2021. "FDI, technology & knowledge transfer from Nordic to Baltic countries," Insights into Regional Development, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 3(3), pages 31-55, September.
    7. Arūnas Burinskas & Rasmus Bøgh Holmen & Manuela Tvaronavičienė & Agnė Šimelytė & Kristina Razminienė, 2021. "FDI, technology & knowledge transfer from Nordic to Baltic countries," Post-Print hal-03583969, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Baltic states; Foreign direct investment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

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