IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/rbz/wpaper/11081.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The South African NiGEM expansion

Author

Listed:
  • by Ed Cornforth
  • Urvish Patel
  • Xolani Sibande
  • Kgotso Morema
  • Konstantin Makrelov
  • Ian Hurst

Abstract

This paper presents a new macroeconometric model for South Africa that forms part of the global system of models based on the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM). NiGEM is used by many central banks as well as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The NiGEM-SA model, which provides a more detailed representation of South Africas financial sector, is a new tool in the South African Reserve Banks (SARBs) suite of models. It will complement the SARBs other models and help with understanding the impact of global economic shocks and the cyclical impacts of climate-related shocks. This paper presents key features of NiGEM-SA and illustrates its properties through a series of simulations. The simulation results indicate that model responses are in line with estimates in the empirical literature.

Suggested Citation

  • by Ed Cornforth & Urvish Patel & Xolani Sibande & Kgotso Morema & Konstantin Makrelov & Ian Hurst, 2025. "The South African NiGEM expansion," Working Papers 11081, South African Reserve Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:rbz:wpaper:11081
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/publications/working-papers/2025/the-south-african-nigem-expansion.pdf
    File Function: Revision
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Konstantin Makrelov & Channing Arndt & Rob Davies & Laurence Harris, 2018. "Fiscal multipliers in South Africa: The importance of financial sector dynamics," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-6, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Havemann, Roy & Hollander, Hylton, 2024. "Fiscal policy in times of fiscal stress (or what to do when r > g)," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 1020-1054.
    3. Xolani Sibande & Alistair Milne, 2025. "The Impact of Basel III Implementation on Bank Lending in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 93(1), pages 6-26, March.
    4. Shaun de Jager & Chris Loewald & Konstantin Makrelov & Xolani Sibande, 2022. "Leaningagainstthewindwithfiscalandmonetarypolicy," Working Papers 11033, South African Reserve Bank.
    5. Konstantin Makrelov & Channing Arndt & Rob Davies & Laurence Harris, 2018. "Fiscal multipliers in South Africa: The importance of financial sector dynamics," WIDER Working Paper Series 006, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    6. Theo Janse van Rensburg & Shaun de Jager & Konstantin Makrelov, 2021. "Fiscal multipliers in South Africa after the global financial crisis," Working Papers 11007, South African Reserve Bank.
    7. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Dées, Stéphane & De Gaye, Annabelle & Parisi, Laura & Sun, Yiqiao, 2023. "NGFS climate scenarios for the euro area: role of fiscal and monetary policy conduct," Occasional Paper Series 336, European Central Bank.
    8. Hantzsche, Arno & Lopresto, Marta & Young, Garry, 2018. "Using NiGEM in uncertain times: Introduction and overview of NiGEM," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 244, pages 1-14, May.
    9. Berg, Erlend, 2013. "Are poor people credit-constrained or myopic? Evidence from a South African panel," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 195-205.
    10. Neryvia Pillay & Konstantin Makrelov, 2025. "The Lending Implications of Banks Holding Excess Capital," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 93(1), pages 27-42, March.
    11. Johannes Hermanus Kemp, 2020. "Empirical estimates of fiscal multipliers for South Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-91, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    12. Ray Barrell & E. Philip Davis, 2007. "Financial Liberalisation, Consumption And Wealth Effects In Seven Oecd Countries," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 54(2), pages 254-267, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Havemann, Roy & Hollander, Hylton, 2024. "Fiscal policy in times of fiscal stress (or what to do when r > g)," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 1020-1054.
    2. Lwazi Senzo Ntshangase & Thando Ngozo, 2024. "Quantifying Fiscal Multipliers in South Africa: A Structural Var Approach," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 16(2), pages 45-55.
    3. Hylton Hollander, 2024. "Debt-financed fiscal stimulus in South Africa," Studies in Economics and Econometrics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(1), pages 87-112, January.
    4. Serena Merrino, 2021. "Statedependent fiscal multipliers and financial dynamics An impulse response analysis by local projections for South Africa," Working Papers 11015, South African Reserve Bank.
    5. Ekaterina Pirozhkova & Jeffrey Rakgalakane & Luchelle Soobyah & Rudi Steinbach, 2023. "Enhancing the Quarterly Projection Model," Working Papers 11048, South African Reserve Bank.
    6. Arogundade, Sodiq & Bila, Santos & Jan Derkacz, Arkadiusz, 2021. "Autonomous Expenditure Multipliers and Gross Value Added in South Africa," MPRA Paper 111115, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ekaterina Pirozhkova & Jeffrey Rakgalakane & Luchelle Soobyah Rudi Steinbach, 2023. "EnhancingtheQuarterlyProjectionModel," Working Papers 11044, South African Reserve Bank.
    8. Alexis Habiyaremye & Olebogeng Molewa & Pelontle Lekomanyane, 2022. "Estimating Employment Gains of the Proposed Infrastructure Stimulus Plan in Post-Covid-19 South Africa," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(1), pages 540-567, February.
    9. Dongjing Chen & Xiaotong Guo, 2023. "Impact of the Digital Economy and Financial Development on Residents’ Consumption Upgrading: Evidence from Mainland China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-25, May.
    10. Leandro De Magalhães & Dongya Koh & Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis, 2016. "Consumption and Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa," Bristol Economics Discussion Papers 16/677, School of Economics, University of Bristol, UK, revised 07 Oct 2016.
    11. Patricia Sánchez Juanino, 2024. "Climate and Green Transition Policies," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) General Election Briefings, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, issue 5, June.
    12. Leandro DE MAGALHÃES & Dongya KOH & Räul SANTAEULILA-LLOPIS, 2019. "The Cost of Consumption Smoothing: Less Schooling and less Nutrition," JODE - Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 85(3), pages 181-208, September.
    13. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Dées, Stéphane & De Gaye, Annabelle & Parisi, Laura & Sun, Yiqiao, 2023. "NGFS climate scenarios for the euro area: role of fiscal and monetary policy conduct," Occasional Paper Series 336, European Central Bank.
    14. Ihsaan Bassier & Joshua Budlender, 2024. "Stimulus effects of a large public employment programme," Working Paper a09be470-a23f-4594-b51a-f, Agence française de développement.
    15. Oriol Carreras & Iana Liadze & Simon Kirby & Rebecca Piggott, 2016. "Quantifying Fiscal Multipliers," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 469, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
    16. Miura, Ken & Sakurai, Takeshi, 2021. "News from the Sky: An Empirical Test of Forward-Looking Behavior Among Zambian Farmers," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315161, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    17. Dillon, Brian & Barrett, Christopher B., 2017. "Agricultural factor markets in Sub-Saharan Africa: An updated view with formal tests for market failure," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 64-77.
    18. Mr. Iaroslav Miller & Daniel Baksa & Mr. Philippe D Karam & Tugrul Vehbi, 2024. "G3MOD: A Multi-Country Global Forecasting Model," IMF Working Papers 2024/254, International Monetary Fund.
    19. Ray Barrell & Martin Weale, 2009. "The Economics of a Reduction in VAT," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 17-30, March.
    20. Thomas Allen & Stéphane Dees & Jean Boissinot & Carlos Mateo Caicedo Graciano & Valérie Chouard & Laurent Clerc & Annabelle de Gaye & Antoine Devulder & Sébastien Diot & Noémie Lisack & Fulvio Pegorar, 2020. "Climate-Related Scenarios for Financial Stability Assessment: an Application to France," Working papers 774, Banque de France.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rbz:wpaper:11081. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Jessica VanWyk (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rbagvza.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.