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Intellectual property rights and the commodification of nature: the case of seeds

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  • Gentilucci, Eleonora

Abstract

The paper uses the Ostromian analytical framework of CPRs and commons definitions, in order to analyze the effect of the introduction of IPRs on the seeds. The main contribution of this research is twofold. On the one hand it allows to validate the initial hypothesis (H1) namely that, throughout the history, until the introduction of IPRs on the living (S0), seeds were CPRs and commons and, after the introduction of IPRs (S1), seeds became private goods. The analysis carried out shows that seeds are commons of knowledge and natural resource and that the introduction of IPRs has allowed the appropriation of a resource that was previously common. This is the “commodification” process. On the other hand study deeps a specific tool to overcome the enclosure imposed by IPRs, to seeds: namely the application of free software principles to seeds. This enables a return to the reverse process of “commonification”.

Suggested Citation

  • Gentilucci, Eleonora, 2018. "Intellectual property rights and the commodification of nature: the case of seeds," MPRA Paper 90527, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:90527
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90527/1/MPRA_paper_90527.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:hal:journl:hal-01689887 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Parisi, Francesco & Schulz, Norbert & Depoorter, Ben, 2005. "Duality in Property: Commons and Anticommons," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 578-591, December.
    3. Carlo Vercellone & Francesca Bria & Andrea Fumagalli & Eleonora Gentilucci & Alfonso Giuliani & Giorgio Griziotti & Pierluigi Vattimo, 2015. "Managing the commons in the knowledge economy," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-01180341, HAL.
    4. Carlo Vercellone & Francesca Bria & Andrea Fumagalli & Eleonora Gentilucci & Alfonso Giuliani & Giorgio Griziotti & Pierluigi Vattimo, 2015. "Managing the commons in the knowledge economy," Post-Print halshs-01180341, HAL.
    5. Blandine Laperche, 2009. "Stratégies d'innovation des firmes des sciences de la vie et appropriation des ressources végétales : processus et enjeux," Mondes en développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(3), pages 109-122.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Seeds; Knowledge commons; Common-pool resources; Intellectual property rights; Free software.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B52 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Modern Monetary Theory;
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
    • P14 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Property Rights
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State

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