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Dialektik 'UpSkilling' dan Pendemokrasian Kemahiran: Analisis Konseptual Dialektik 'UpSkilling' dan Pendemokrasian Kemahiran: Analisis Konseptual Perubahan Teknologi Berpincang Kemahiran (Skill-Biased Technological Change) terhadap Modal Insan di Sabah
[Dialectics of Upskilling and the Democratization of Skills: A Conceptual Analysis of Skill-Biased Technological Change and Its Impact on Human Capital in Sabah]

Author

Listed:
  • Aqilah, Aryatul

Abstract

Transformasi teknologi global yang dipacu oleh kemajuan pesat dalam automasi, kecerdasan buatan, dan digitalisasi ekonomi telah memperkukuh fenomena “Skill-Biased Technological Change” (SBTC) yang secara sistematik meningkatkan permintaan terhadap tenaga kerja berkemahiran tinggi. Transformasi ini turut memperluas jurang ketidaksamaan dalam pasaran buruh global dan mencabar struktur pembangunan modal insan di wilayah membangun. Dalam konteks ini, pendekatan “upskilling” sering diketengahkan sebagai strategi dominan bagi meningkatkan daya saing tenaga kerja, namun pendekatan tersebut dikritik kerana cenderung mengabaikan kekangan struktural yang mengehadkan akses kepada peluang pembelajaran. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis secara kritis hubungan dialektik antara “upskilling” dan pendemokrasian kemahiran, dengan fokus terhadap implikasi SBTC terhadap pembangunan modal insan di Sabah, Malaysia. Pendekatan ulasan naratif digunakan dengan menganalisis literatur daripada pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar bagi tempoh 2010 hingga 2025, serta mengaplikasikan analisis tematik refleksif berdasarkan Braun dan Clarke (2006). Dapatan mengenal pasti empat tema utama, iaitu landskap global SBTC, ketidaksamaan kemahiran dalam konteks Sabah, kapasiti institusi, dan evolusi dasar pembangunan tenaga kerja. Sintesis menunjukkan bahawa keberkesanan upskilling adalah terhad tanpa pendekatan inklusif yang menekankan pendemokrasian kemahiran. Oleh itu, artikel ini mencadangkan kerangka hibrid yang mengintegrasikan kecekapan ekonomi dan keadilan sosial sebagai asas kepada strategi pembangunan modal insan yang lebih inklusif dan lestari.

Suggested Citation

  • Aqilah, Aryatul, 2026. "Dialektik 'UpSkilling' dan Pendemokrasian Kemahiran: Analisis Konseptual Dialektik 'UpSkilling' dan Pendemokrasian Kemahiran: Analisis Konseptual Perubahan Teknologi Berpincang Kemahiran (Skill-Biased Technological Change) terhadap Modal Insan di Sab," MPRA Paper 128988, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:128988
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    JEL classification:

    • L0 - Industrial Organization - - General

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