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Caring Dads? Universal Childcare, Paternity Leave and Fathers' Involvement

Author

Listed:
  • Huebener, Mathias

    (Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB))

  • Mahlbacher, Malin K.

    (University of Mainz)

  • Schmitz, Sophia

    (Federal Institute for Population Research)

Abstract

Increasing fathers' involvement in childcare is seen as an important strategy to reduce women's child penalties in the labour market. However, very little is known about the extent to which family policies can enhance fathers' engagement in domestic work. This paper examines the impact of the combined availability of universal childcare and paternity leave on fathers' involvement. We exploit quasi-experimental variation in the regional availability of childcare for children under three, resulting from the introduction of a universal childcare entitlement in Germany. We estimate generalised difference-in-differences models and confirm that children enter childcare significantly earlier. Fathers become more likely to take paternity leave with the expectation of mothers entering the labour market sooner. Yet, this leave is mainly taken for the minimum period, together with the mother, and towards the end of the first year. Fathers' subsequent roles as caregivers, as well as their labour market outcomes, remain largely unaffected. Overall, increased childcare availability primarily substitutes maternal care; significant family policy efforts could not immediately alter fathers' caregiving responsibilities within the family.

Suggested Citation

  • Huebener, Mathias & Mahlbacher, Malin K. & Schmitz, Sophia, 2024. "Caring Dads? Universal Childcare, Paternity Leave and Fathers' Involvement," IZA Discussion Papers 17422, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17422
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation

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