IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/journl/halshs-03828655.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Compétition électorale, biais des électeurs et femmes en politique

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Le Barbanchon

    (Université Bocconi)

  • Julien Sauvagnat

    (Université Bocconi)

Abstract

Dans le monde, à peine un quart des parlementaires sont des femmes. Malgré des progrès significatifs ces dernières années, les femmes restent largement sous-représentées parmi les élus politiques. Cette étude apporte des éléments d'explications à la sous-représentation des femmes en politique grâce à des données sur les sept dernières élections législatives françaises. D'une part, les analyses suggèrent qu'il existe un « biais » de préférence des électeurs vis-à-vis des candidats masculins. De plus, les partis politiques contribuent à reproduire la sous-représentation des femmes à des fonctions électives en présentant moins de candidates dans les circonscriptions électorales où le biais des électeurs est élevé. Pour favoriser l'accès des femmes à l'exercice politique, la Loi tendant à favoriser l'égal accès des femmes et des hommes aux mandats électoraux et fonctions électives de 2000, aussi appelée « Loi parité », oblige les partis politiques français à présenter 50 % de femmes parmi leurs candidats sous peine de sanctions financières. Comme attendu, l'application de cette loi a permis une progression de la part de femmes parmi les candidats. Néanmoins, elle devient relativement plus faible dans les circonscriptions où le scrutin est serré que dans celles où la majorité est plus largement obtenue. Dans ces circonscriptions « concurrentielles », le paiement d'une amende en cas de dérogation à la règle de parité s'avère plus avantageux comparativement au risque de perdre l'élection en présentant une femme plutôt qu'un homme. Cela suggère que les partis préfèrent encore mettre en avant des candidats plutôt que des candidates pour augmenter leurs chances de remporter le scrutin.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Le Barbanchon & Julien Sauvagnat, 2022. "Compétition électorale, biais des électeurs et femmes en politique," Post-Print halshs-03828655, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03828655
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03828655v1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03828655v1/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bertrand, Marianne, 2011. "New Perspectives on Gender," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 17, pages 1543-1590, Elsevier.
    2. Pablo Casas-Arce & Albert Saiz, 2015. "Women and Power: Unpopular, Unwilling, or Held Back?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 123(3), pages 641-669.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alessandra Casarico & Paola Profeta, 2020. "Introduction Special Issue “On Gender Perspectives in Public Economics”," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 235(4), pages 3-10, December.
    2. Paola Profeta & Eleanor Woodhouse, 2018. "Do Electoral Rules Matter for Female Representation?," Working Papers 121, "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics (DONDENA), Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi.
    3. Thomas Le & Julien Sauvagnat, 2022. "Electoral Competition, Voter Bias, and Women in Politics," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 20(1), pages 352-394.
    4. Thomas Le Barbanchon & Julien Sauvagnat, 2022. "Compétition électorale, biais des électeurs et femmes en politique," Post-Print halshs-03693381, HAL.
    5. Thomas Le Barbanchon & Julien Sauvagnat, 2022. "Compétition électorale, biais des électeurs et femmes en politique," Working Papers halshs-03828655, HAL.
    6. Davide Cipullo, 2021. "Gender Gaps in Political Careers: Evidence from Competitive Elections," CESifo Working Paper Series 9075, CESifo.
    7. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/7bucmgmilh9ul9ogmiku5legh5 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/7bucmgmilh9ul9ogmiku5legh5 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Katrin Huber & Geske Rolvering, 2023. "Public child care and mothers’ career trajectories," Working Papers 228, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    10. José de Sousa & Guillaume Hollard, 2021. "From Micro to Macro Gender Differences: Evidence from Field Tournaments," Post-Print hal-03389151, HAL.
    11. Alger, Ingela, 2021. "On the evolution of male competitiveness," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 228-254.
    12. Thomas Buser & Muriel Niederle & Hessel Oosterbeek, 2014. "Gender, Competitiveness, and Career Choices," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 129(3), pages 1409-1447.
    13. Christian Pfeifer & Gesine Stephan, 2019. "Why women do not ask: gender differences in fairness perceptions of own wages and subsequent wage growth," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 43(2), pages 295-310.
    14. Lorenzo Ductor & Sanjeev Goyal & Anja Prummer, 2018. "Gender & Collaboration," Working Papers 856, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    15. Iga Magda & Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska, 2019. "Gender wage gap in the workplace: Does the age of the firm matter?," IBS Working Papers 01/2019, Instytut Badan Strukturalnych.
    16. Benjamin Bennett & Isil Erel & Léa H. Stern & Zexi Wang, 2020. "Paid Leave Pays Off: The Effects of Paid Family Leave on Firm Performance," NBER Working Papers 27788, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Jonathan F Schulz & Christian Thöni, 2016. "Overconfidence and Career Choice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, January.
    18. Cemal Eren Arbatlı & Quamrul H. Ashraf & Oded Galor & Marc Klemp, 2020. "Diversity and Conflict," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 727-797, March.
    19. Pekkarinen, Tuomas, 2015. "Gender differences in behaviour under competitive pressure: Evidence on omission patterns in university entrance examinations," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 94-110.
    20. Yuval Mazar & Uri Zilber, 2019. "Brothers vs. Sisters: The Effect of Siblings' Gender on an Individual's Labor Market Performance," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2019.16, Bank of Israel.
    21. Estefanía Galván, 2022. "Gender Identity and Quality of Employment," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(354), pages 409-436, April.
    22. Jaanika Meriküll & Maryna Tverdostup, 2020. "The Gap That Survived The Transition: The Gender Wage Gap Over Three Decades In Estonia," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 127, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03828655. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.