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Political Inequality

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  • Julia Cagé

    (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research)

Abstract

Inequality in political participation and influence has strongly increased in recent decades, breeding economic inequality. In this review, we focus on three aspects of political inequality: the increasing concentration of both political and charitable donations, the growing gap in descriptive representation, and the persistent lack of substantive representation. Based on the existing literature as well as on novel evidence, we relate these aspects to the recent widening of turnout inequality. We then examine novel forms of participation—e.g., the rise of small donors in the United States—and the efficiency of policies aimed at improving representation. Finally, we discuss new avenues for research.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia Cagé, 2024. "Political Inequality," Post-Print hal-05446439, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05446439
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080223-040921
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-05446439v1
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