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Intégration régionale et zone de libre-échange continentale africaine : espoir d’une croissance durable pour l’économie africaine ?

Author

Listed:
  • Julien Gourdon

    (AFD - Agence française de développement, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne)

  • Wautabouna Ouattara

    (UFHB - Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny [Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire])

  • Chahir Zaki

    (Economic Research Forum - Economic Research Forum, LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, Cairo University)

Abstract

Entre 2000 et 2015, l'Afrique a bénéficié d'une croissance soutenue portée par une forte vague d'investissements directs étrangers et marquée par un net recul de la pauvreté. Cependant il restait à intensifier une transformation structurelle, permettant à la fois d'absorber le surplus de main-d'œuvre agricole, de réduire la dépendance du continent aux ressources naturelles et ainsi d'avoir une croissance moins vulnérable. La chute des cours des matières premières depuis 2015 et son effet négatif sur la croissance du continent a réaffirmé cette nécessité. Plusieurs facteurs sont susceptibles d'accélérer le changement structurel (urbanisation, infrastructures…) dont l'intégration commerciale. Ce chapitre entend examiner les bénéfices potentiels et les défis relatifs à la mise en place de la Zone de libre-échange continentale africaine (ZLECAf) qui est effective depuis le 1er janvier 2021. S'il est trop tôt pour dresser un bilan, nous nous interrogerons sur la capacité de ce dispositif à soutenir les performances économiques des pays du continent. Après une présentation historique et actuelle de l'intégration commerciale en Afrique notamment à travers les communautés économiques régionales déjà existantes, nous nous demanderons comment cette communauté économique continentale pourrait faciliter le commerce intra-africain en permettant une meilleure intégration dans les chaînes de valeurs. Quels seront les défis à relever pour que la ZLECAf tienne ses promesses d'une croissance soutenue et du développement économique ?

Suggested Citation

  • Julien Gourdon & Wautabouna Ouattara & Chahir Zaki, 2022. "Intégration régionale et zone de libre-échange continentale africaine : espoir d’une croissance durable pour l’économie africaine ?," Post-Print hal-04561527, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04561527
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    References listed on IDEAS

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