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Competing liberalizations: tariffs and trade in the twenty-first century

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Christophe Bureau

    (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech, CEPII - Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales)

  • Houssein Guimbard

    (CEPII - Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales)

  • Sébastien Jean

    (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech, CEPII - Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales, LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam])

Abstract

This paper proposes a unique overview of trade policies since 2001, based on detailed data on tariffs and trade covering 130 countries. It shows that regionalism has delivered limited liberalization, representing only a 0.3 percentage point (p.p.) cut in the worldwide average applied tariff between 2001 and 2013. WTO commitments (1.0 p.p. average cut) and unilateral liberalizations on a most-favored-nation basis (1.3 p.p.) mattered far more. The study also shows that GVC participation was a powerful motivation underlying tariff liberalizations, including those carried out at governments' own initiative. The paper finally assess that recent trade policy changes more than halved the worldwide welfare gains expected from multilateral tariff-cutting. If all PTA negotiations were concluded, gains would fall to one-third of their 2001 level.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Christophe Bureau & Houssein Guimbard & Sébastien Jean, 2019. "Competing liberalizations: tariffs and trade in the twenty-first century," Post-Print hal-02320570, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02320570
    DOI: 10.1007/s10290-019-00346-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Kym Anderson, 2023. "Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 1314-1352, September.
    2. Kym Anderson, 2022. "Agriculture in a more uncertain global trade environment," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 53(4), pages 563-579, July.
    3. Charlotte Emlinger & Houssein Guimbard, 2024. "VIP Pass to Markets: When Customs Certification Helps Firms to Face NTMs," Working Papers 2024-11, CEPII research center.
    4. John C. Beghin & Heidi Schweizer, 2021. "Agricultural Trade Costs," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 43(2), pages 500-530, June.
    5. Daniela Bobeva & Nedyalko Nestorov & Atanas Pavlov & Simeon Stoilov, 2024. "Evaluation of the Economic Impact of a Country`s Accession to the Schengen Area – the Case of Bulgaria," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 139-163.
    6. Anderson, Kym, 2022. "Trade-related food policies in a more volatile climate and trade environment," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    7. Kym Anderson, 2021. "Food policy in a more volatile climate and trade environment," Departmental Working Papers 2021-25, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    8. Zahonogo, Windbeneti Arnaud, 2025. "Do tariff reductions alleviate energy poverty? Evidence for Sub-Saharan African countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    9. Moritz Böhmecke-Schwafert & Knut Blind, 2023. "The trade effects of product market regulation in global value chains: evidence from OECD and BRICS countries between 2000 and 2015," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(2), pages 441-479, May.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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