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De nouveaux fondements pour la comptabilité au service de la gouvernance

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  • Michel Baupin

    (NIMEC - Normandie Innovation Marché Entreprise Consommation - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université)

Abstract

RESUME : dans cette communication, nous tentons d'apprécier la pertinence des deux visions de la gouvernance de l'entreprise qui influencent la manière de concevoir la comptabilité, la relation entre la comptabilité et la gouvernance étant fondée sur la recherche par celle-ci de l'efficience organisationnelle. La vision actionnariale répond à la théorie du « propriétaire » selon laquelle l'entreprise représente ses propriétaires et n'a pas d'autonomie propre, l'objet de la comptabilité étant d'établir des comptes en vue de comparer les valeurs que sont les revenus, les coûts et leur solde appelé « résultat » qui n'a de sens qu'à l'égard des propriétaires qui en sont les bénéficiaires. A l'opposé, la vision partenariale répond à la théorie de l'« entité » selon laquelle les comptes sont envisagés sous l'angle de la séparation de l'entreprise conçue comme une entité comptable virtuelle et de ses propriétaires qui sont alors considérés comme de simples créanciers (Geschäftstheorie). Le capital apporté doit alors être géré car il représente un « coût », notion qui débouche sur une véritable mutation managériale. Aucune de ces deux visions ne résoud le problème que constitue le passage d'une valorisation en coût de production dans les comptes de stocks de produits finis à une valorisation en prix de vente dans ceux des clients, c'est-à-dire l'émergence du profit et, éventuellement, d'une rente, l'explication en terme de faculté entrepreneuriale ne s'inscrivant en aucune manière dans la logique comptable. Nous proposons la construction d'une utopie de l'enregistrement comptable de l'acte d'échange qui donne à la gouvernance la possibilité de justifier la différence conceptuelle entre le profit et la rente tout en justifiant le premier par l'acte d'échange et en utilisant la seconde pour inscrire le fonctionnement de l'entreprise dans une dynamique favorable aux actionnaires et aux salariés.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Baupin, 2016. "De nouveaux fondements pour la comptabilité au service de la gouvernance," Post-Print hal-01777487, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01777487
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01777487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Utopie; gouvernance; profit; rente;
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