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Heckscher-Ohlin: Evidence from Virtual Trade in Value Added

Author

Listed:
  • Tadashi Ito
  • Lorenzo Rotunno

    (University of Oxford, GREQAM - Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Pierre-Louis Vézina

    (King‘s College London)

Abstract

The fragmentation of production chains across borders has been one of the most distinctive features of globalization since the 1980s. Nonetheless, our understanding of its implications for trade theory and policy is only in its infancy. We suggest that trade in value added should follow theories of comparative advantage more closely than gross trade, as value-added flows capture where factors of production, e.g. skilled and unskilled labor, are used along the global value chain. We find empirical evidence that Heckscher–Ohlin theory does predict manufacturing trade in value-added, and it does so better than for gross shipment flows. While countries export across a broad range of sectors, they contribute more value-added in techniques using their abundant factor intensively.

Suggested Citation

  • Tadashi Ito & Lorenzo Rotunno & Pierre-Louis Vézina, 2017. "Heckscher-Ohlin: Evidence from Virtual Trade in Value Added," Post-Print hal-01685783, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01685783
    DOI: 10.1111/roie.12230
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    Cited by:

    1. Reshef, Ariell & Santoni, Gianluca, 2023. "Are your labor shares set in Beijing? The view through the lens of global value chains," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    2. Liboreiro, Pablo R., 2025. "Multi-factor, multi-country testing of the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem without factor price equalization: A critical view," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 354-367.
    3. Kazunobu Hayakawa & Hiroshi Mukunoki, 2023. "The magnification effect in global value chains," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 141-157, February.
    4. Yu Zhang & Lee Joohyeong & Minjian Qiao & Minglong Kou, 2024. "Influence of international industrial transfer on the structural power of global value chain -Empirical evidence from manufacturing in RCEP Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(3), pages 1-17, March.
    5. Philipp Koch & Clemens Fessler, 2020. "A test for Heckscher-Ohlin using value-added exports," Papers 2009.11743, arXiv.org.
    6. Kozo Kiyota, 2021. "The Leontief Paradox Redux," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 296-313, May.
    7. Tadashi Ito, 2020. "Production Networks and “The Great Convergence”," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, vol. 16(1), pages 73-94, February.
    8. Antonia Reinecke & Hans-Jörg Schmerer, 2017. "Government efficiency and exports in China," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 249-268, July.
    9. Randolph Luca Bruno & Maria Cipollina & Silvia Dal Bianco, 2023. "The Ripple Effect of Sanctions: Exploring the Impact on Global Value Chains Using a Gravity Model," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 9(3), pages 1063-1087, November.
    10. Stöllinger, Roman & Guarascio, Dario, 2023. "Comparative advantages in the digital era–A Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek approach," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 63-89.
    11. Pol Antràs & Davin Chor, 2021. "Global Value Chains," NBER Working Papers 28549, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Sasahara, Akira, 2019. "Explaining the employment effect of exports: Value-added content matters," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1-21.
    13. Poornima Varma, 2025. "What explains rice exports? An analysis of major rice‐exporting countries," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 47(1), pages 327-353, March.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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