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Geographic Location, Excess Control Rights and Cash Holdings

Author

Listed:
  • Sabri Boubaker

    (Groupe ESC Troyes en Champagne, IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12)

  • Imen Derouiche
  • Meziane Lasfer

    (Cass Business School - City University London)

Abstract

We assess the extent to which remotely-located firms are likely to discretionarily accumulate cash rather than distribute it to shareholders. We consider that these firms are less subject to shareholder scrutiny and, thus, will have high agency conflicts as the distance will facilitate the extraction of private benefits. Consistent with our predictions, we find a positive relation between the distance to the main metropolitan area and cash holdings, and this impact is more pronounced when the controlling shareholder has high levels of excess control rights (i.e., separation of cash-flow rights and control rights). Our results hold even after accounting for all control variables, including financial constraints, and suggest that geographic remoteness can be conducive to severe agency problems, particularly when there is a large separation of cash-flow rights and control rights.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabri Boubaker & Imen Derouiche & Meziane Lasfer, 2014. "Geographic Location, Excess Control Rights and Cash Holdings," Post-Print hal-01158100, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01158100
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Qian & Wang, Zhouyuanye, 2025. "ENGO geographical proximity and corporate environmental performance," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 576-589.
    2. Derouiche, Imen & Jaafar, Kaouther & Zemzem, Ahmed, 2016. "Firm geographic location and voluntary disclosure," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 37, pages 29-47.
    3. Mauricio Jara‐Bertín & Cristian Pinto‐Gutiérrez & Carlos Pombo, 2021. "The effect of intra‐group loans on the cash flow sensitivity of cash: Evidence from Chile," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(2), pages 374-403, June.
    4. Imen Derouiche & Majdi Hassan & Sarra Amdouni, 2018. "Ownership structure and investment-cash flow sensitivity," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 22(1), pages 31-54, March.
    5. Marwick, Alex & Hasan, Mostafa Monzur & Luo, Tianpei, 2020. "Organization capital and corporate cash holdings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    6. Banerjee, Rajabrata & Gupta, Kartick & Mudalige, Priyantha, 2020. "Do environmentally sustainable practices lead to financially less constrained firms? International evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    7. Cai, Weixing & Hu, Feng & Xu, Fangming & Zheng, Liyi, 2022. "Anti-corruption campaign and corporate cash holdings: Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(PA).
    8. Mahmoud Agha & Baban Eulaiwi, 2020. "The alignment effects of CEO stock incentives in the presence of government ownership: International evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 45(2), pages 195-222, May.
    9. Tahir Akhtar, 2024. "Blockchain Technology: the Beginning of a New Era in Reforming Corporate Governance Mechanisms," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 3059-3084, March.
    10. Yu, Yao & Jia, Xiaoxiao & Qi, Huaijin, 2023. "Parent company board reform and subsidiary optimization of cash holdings: A quasi-natural experiment from central state-owned enterprises in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    11. Zeineb Barka & Taher Hamza, 2020. "The effect of large controlling shareholders on equity prices in France: monitoring or entrenchment?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(3), pages 769-798, September.
    12. Cui, Weihan & Cuong, Ly Kim & Shimizu, Katsutoshi, 2020. "Cash policy and the bank-firm relationship," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 804-818.
    13. Allaya, Manel & Derouiche, Imen & Muessig, Anke, 2022. "Voluntary disclosure, ownership structure, and corporate debt maturity: A study of French listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    14. Hossain, Mahmud & Mitra, Santanu, 2023. "Does headquarters location matter in corporate tax avoidance?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    15. Elamer, Ahmed A. & Utham, Vinay, 2024. "Cash is queen? Impact of gender-diverse boards on firms' cash holdings during COVID-19," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    16. Tahir Akhtar & Mohammad Ali Tareq & Kashif Rashid, 2021. "Chief Executive Officers’ monitoring, board effectiveness, managerial ownership, and cash holdings: evidence from ASEAN," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(8), pages 2193-2238, November.
    17. Mingzhe Qiao & Shiwei Xu & Guangdong Wu, 2018. "Corporate Social Responsibility and the Long-Term Performance of Mergers and Acquisitions: Do Regions and Related-Party Transactions Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-15, July.
    18. Cuong, Ly Kim & Shimizu, Katsutoshi & Cui, Weihan, 2021. "The determinants of negative net leverage policy: New evidence from Japan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 449-460.
    19. Li, Bin & Liang, Yilan & Shahab, Yasir & Gull, Ammar Ali & Ashraf, Naeem, 2022. "Parent-subsidiary dispersion, cost of debt and debt default: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    20. Li, Wanli & Lai, Yin & Zhong, Yufen, 2024. "The closer the better: Supplier geographic proximity and corporate information disclosure violation," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy

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