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Les régimes de gouvernementalité dans le domaine de l'environnement

Author

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  • Franck Aggeri

    (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Au cours des trente dernières années, l'environnement est un devenu un champ d'action privilégié pour une variété d'acteurs : pouvoirs publics, entreprises, associations ou encore ONG. Bien que le contenu et les politiques associés à cette notion aient considérablement évolué au cours du temps, la vision naturaliste continue à dominer les représentations collectives ou théoriques : celle d'une nature immuable, lieu de rapports de force figés et d'asymétries d'information. Le point de vue que je voudrais développer ici est différent : il est généalogique et s'inspire des derniers travaux de Foucault sur la gouvernementalité. Par rapport à des analyses substantielles, l'analyse en termes de gouvernementalité introduit à la fois une vision interactive, non déterministe et polycentrée de l'action collective. Elle est éclairante pour traiter d'objets de gouvernement qui se situent à la jonction de différentes formes de gouvernement, comme la santé, le travail ou l'environnement. Dans cette perspective, le point de vue des pouvoirs publics n'est pas plus à privilégier que celui des entreprises ou d'autres acteurs (associations, syndicats, etc.) ; il ne s'agit pas seulement d'étudier les programmes et les stratégies, mais aussi les tactiques et les techniques de gouvernement ; autour de la confrontation de gouvernementalités se joue non seulement une reconfiguration des rapports de pouvoir mais également des processus d'apprentissage collectif qui conditionnent les capacités stratégiques des acteurs. A cet égard, l'environnement constitue non seulement un domaine d'extension du bio-pouvoir à tous les systèmes vivants4 (Lascoumes, 1994), mais également un domaine où émergent de nouvelles formes de gouvernementalité. Je m'attacherai dans cette communication à spécifier trois régimes de gouvernementalité, historiquement situés, dans le domaine de l'environnement. Je chercherai à en cerner la logique, les mécanismes internes, les effets et les enjeux.

Suggested Citation

  • Franck Aggeri, 2005. "Les régimes de gouvernementalité dans le domaine de l'environnement," Post-Print hal-01117318, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01117318
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://minesparis-psl.hal.science/hal-01117318
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Franck Aggeri, 2000. "Les politiques d'environnement comme politiques de l'innovation," Post-Print halshs-00644616, HAL.
    2. Franck Aggeri, 1999. "Environmental policies and innovation : a knowledge-based perspective on cooperative approaches," Post-Print halshs-00644610, HAL.
    3. Aggeri, Franck, 1999. "Environmental policies and innovation: A knowledge-based perspective on cooperative approaches," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 699-717, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Franck Aggeri & Morgane Le Breton, 2016. "Que signifie être transparent ? La régulation de la transparence : la matérialisation d’un idéal en technologie de gouvernement," Post-Print hal-01901216, HAL.
    2. Franck Aggeri, 2021. "La gouvernementalité chez Foucault : une perspective sur l’instrumentation de gestion," Post-Print hal-03503256, HAL.

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