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Financement de la protection sociale : l'attrait des grandes assiettes ?

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  • Martine Carré-Tallon

    (THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - UCP - Université de Cergy Pontoise - Université Paris-Seine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPII - Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales)

  • Benjamin Carton

    (CEPII - Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales)

  • Stéphane Gauthier

    (ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique, CREST-INSEE - Centre de Recherche en Economie et en Statistique - Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE))

Abstract

L'idée qu'une baisse des cotisations sociales compensée par une hausse de la TVA pourrait favoriser l'emploi et la compétitivité fait l'objet de débats. Nous montrons ici qu'une telle mesure n'est pas neutre à long terme : à situation budgétaire inchangée, les effets des allégements de cotisations devraient l'emporter et favoriser l'emploi, quoique modestement. À court terme cependant, si la mesure améliore la compétitivité, elle détériore le pouvoir d'achat des ménages. Par ailleurs, des calculs menés à un niveau sectoriel fin montrent que cette substitution ne bénéficie pas de la même façon à tous les secteurs : dans les activités haut de gamme, qui forment le cœur de la spécialisation européenne, les gains de compétitivité sont très faibles. Le dilemme est alors le suivant : favoriser la demande de travail non qualifié à long terme ou renforcer la compétitivité des secteurs exposés à court terme. Enfin, d'une façon générale, l'efficacité de la mesure n'est pas indépendante des effets distributifs qu'elle produit, que ce soit au sein des secteurs, des entreprises ou des ménages.

Suggested Citation

  • Martine Carré-Tallon & Benjamin Carton & Stéphane Gauthier, 2007. "Financement de la protection sociale : l'attrait des grandes assiettes ?," Post-Print hal-00731342, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00731342
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-00731342
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    1. Lionel Fontagné & Guillaume Gaulier & Soledad Zignago, 2007. "Specialisation across Varieties within Products and North-South Competition," Working Papers 2007-06, CEPII research center.
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