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Firm Heterogeneity, Rules of Origin and Rules of Cumulation

Author

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  • Pamela Bombarda

    (IUHEID, The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva)

  • Elisa Gamberoni

    (IUHEID, The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva)

Abstract

We analyse the impact of relaxing rules of origin (ROOs) in a simple setting with heterogeneous firms that buy intermediate inputs from domestic and foreign sources. In particular, we consider the impact of switching from bilateral to diagonal cumulation when using preferences (instead of paying the MFN tariff) involving the respect of rules of origin. We find that relaxing the restrictiveness of the ROOs leads the least productive exporters to stop exporting. The empirical part confirms these results. We use the most recent techniques developed by Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein (2007) on highly disaggregated data (HS6 digit) to analyse the effects of the introduction of the Pan-European Cumulation System (PECS). We find that PECS reverses the negative impact of strict ROOs on intermediate trade which turns positive as a consequence of introducing diagonal ROCs.

Suggested Citation

  • Pamela Bombarda & Elisa Gamberoni, 2008. "Firm Heterogeneity, Rules of Origin and Rules of Cumulation," IHEID Working Papers 09-2008, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:gii:giihei:heidwp09-2008
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    Cited by:

    1. Sunil Dash, 2024. "In the Gains from Trade as Firms Matter, So Do Their Sizes," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 18(1-2), pages 134-159, February.
    2. Michael Fuenfzig & Pietro Maggi & Corine Besseling & Anne Winkel & Michael Flickenschild & Przemysław Kowalski & Katarzyna Sidło & Anna Malinowska & Marek Peda & Christopher Hartwell & Patricia Augier, 2021. "Ex-post Evaluation of the impact of trade chapters of the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements with six partners: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia," Working Papers hal-03435264, HAL.
    3. Ngoc Thang Doan & Thanh Ha Le, 2024. "The Effects of Global Value Chain on Export Survival," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 59(3), pages 389-411, August.
    4. Tobias Sytsma, 2021. "Rules of origin and trade preference utilization among least developed countries," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 39(4), pages 701-718, October.
    5. Chung, Wanyu & Perroni, Carlo, 2020. "Rules of Origin and Market Power," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1300, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    6. Paola Conconi & Manuel García-Santana & Laura Puccio & Roberto Venturini, 2018. "From Final Goods to Inputs: The Protectionist Effect of Rules of Origin," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 108(8), pages 2335-2365, August.
    7. Schüle, Ulrich & Kleisinger, Tatiana, 2016. "The "Spaghetti Bowl": A case study on processing rules of origin and rules of cumulation," UASM Discussion Paper Series 2/2016, University of Applied Sciences Mainz.
    8. Ornelas, Emanuel & Turner, John L., 2024. "The costs and benefits of rules of origin in modern free trade agreements," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    9. Kazunobu Hayakawa, 2023. "Multiple preference regimes and rules of origin," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 159(3), pages 673-696, August.
    10. Kazunobu HAYAKAWA & Shujiro URATA & Taiyo YOSHIMI, 2017. "Choosing Between Multiple Preferential Tariff Schemes: Evidence from Japan's imports," Discussion papers 17002, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    11. Cherkashin, Ivan & Demidova, Svetlana & Kee, Hiau Looi & Krishna, Kala, 2015. "Firm heterogeneity and costly trade: A new estimation strategy and policy experiments," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 18-36.
    12. Anna Andersson, 2016. "Export Performance and Access to Intermediate Inputs: The Case of Rules of Origin Liberalisation," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(8), pages 1048-1079, August.
    13. Teti, Feodora & Felbermayr, Gabriel & Yalcin, Erdal, 2017. "Free Trade Agreements, Customs Unions In Disguise?," VfS Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168243, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    14. Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry & Melitz, Marc, 2024. "The Laffer curve for rules of origin," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    15. Bernard Hoekman & Stefano Inama, 2017. "Rules of Origin as Non-Tariff Measures: Towards Greater Regulatory Convergence," RSCAS Working Papers 2017/45, European University Institute.
    16. Kazunobu Hayakawa & Nuttawut Laksanapanyakul & Taiyo Yoshimi, 2021. "Tariff scheme choice," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 157(2), pages 323-346, May.
    17. Bombarda,Pamela & Gamberoni,Elisa, 2019. "Diagonal Cumulation and Sourcing Decisions," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8884, The World Bank.
    18. Gabriel Felbermayr & Feodora Teti & Erdal Yalcin & Gabriel J. Felbermayr, 2018. "On the Profitability of Trade Deflection and the Need for Rules of Origin," CESifo Working Paper Series 6929, CESifo.
    19. Chung, Wanyu & Perroni, Carlo, 2025. "Regional content requirements and market power: Lessons from CUSFTA," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    20. Keisuke KONDO, 2015. "Input-Output Linkages of Japanese Affiliates in Mexico within NAFTA," Discussion papers 15143, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    21. Sangkyom Kim & Innwon Park & Soonchan Park, 2013. "Trade-creating regime-wide rules of origin: a quantitative analysis," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(11), pages 1056-1061, July.
    22. Kazunobu Hayakawa, 2020. "Production Networks and Utilization of Free Trade Agreements by Japanese Subsidiaries in ASEAN," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, vol. 16(1), pages 121-134, February.
    23. Bernard Hoekman & Dominique Njinkeu, 2017. "Integrating Africa: Some Trade Policy Research Priorities and Challenges," RSCAS Working Papers 2017/43, European University Institute.
    24. Felbermayr, Gabriel & Teti, Feodora & Yalcin, Erdal, 2019. "Rules of origin and the profitability of trade deflection," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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