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State–society cycles and political pacts in a national–dependent society: Brazil

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  • Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos

Abstract

The history of independent Brazil may be divided into three major state–society cycles, and, after 1930, five political pacts or class coalitions can be identified. These pacts were nationalist; only in the 1990s did the Brazilian elites surrender to the neoliberal hegemony. Yet, since the mid-2000s they have been rediscovering the idea of the nation. The main claim of the essay is that Brazilian elites and Brazilian society are 'national–dependent', that is, they are ambivalent and contradictory, requiring an oxymoron to define them. They are dependent because they often see themselves as 'European' and the mass of the people as inferior. But Brazil is big enough, and there are enough common interests around its domestic market, to make the Brazilian nation less ambivalent. Today Brazil is seeking a synthesis between the last two political cycles – between social justice and economic development in the framework of democracy.

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  • Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos, 2012. "State–society cycles and political pacts in a national–dependent society: Brazil," Textos para discussão 317, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
    • Handle: RePEc:fgv:eesptd:317
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    1. Bresser Pereira,Luiz Carlos, 2010. "Globalization and Competition," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521144537, October.
    2. Keith Acheson, 2011. "Globalization," Chapters, in: Ruth Towse (ed.), A Handbook of Cultural Economics, Second Edition, chapter 31, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Bresser Pereira,Luiz Carlos, 2010. "Globalization and Competition," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521196352, October.
    4. Nelson Marconi & Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira & Jose Luis Oreiro, 2014. "A Theoretical Framework For A Structuralist Development Macroeconomics," Anais do XLI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 41st Brazilian Economics Meeting] 027, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
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