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The Augmented Bank Balance-Sheet Channel of Monetary Policy

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  • Bittner, Christian
  • Bonfim, Diana
  • Heider, Florian
  • Saidi, Farzad
  • Schepens, Glenn
  • Soares, Carla

Abstract

This paper studies how banks' balance sheets and funding costs interact in the transmission of monetary-policy rates to banks' credit supply to firms. To do so, we use credit-registry data from Germany and Portugal together with the European Central Bank's policy-rate cuts in mid-2014. The pass-through of the rate cuts to banks' funding costs differs across the euro-area currency union because deposit rates vary in their distance to the zero lower bound (ZLB). When the distance is shorter, banks' financing constraints matter less for the supply of credit and there is more risk taking. To rationalize these findings, we provide a simple model of an augmented bank balance-sheet channel where in addition to costly external financing, there is screening of borrowers and a ZLB on retail deposit rates. An impaired pass-through of monetary policy to banks' funding costs reduces their ability to lever up and weakens their lending standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Bittner, Christian & Bonfim, Diana & Heider, Florian & Saidi, Farzad & Schepens, Glenn & Soares, Carla, 2022. "The Augmented Bank Balance-Sheet Channel of Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 17056, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:17056
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    2. Nissinen, Juuso & Sihvonen, Markus, 2024. "Bond convenience curves and funding costs," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    3. Christian Bittner & Alexander Rodnyansky & Farzad Saidi & Yannick Timmer, 2021. "Mixing QE and Interest Rate Policies at the Effective Lower Bound: Micro Evidence from the Euro Area," CESifo Working Paper Series 9363, CESifo.
    4. Abildgren, Kim & Kuchler, Andreas, 2023. "Firm behaviour under negative deposit rates," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Kosekova, Kamelia & Maddaloni, Angela & Papoutsi, Melina & Schivardi, Fabiano, 2023. "Firm-bank relationships: A cross-country comparison," SAFE Working Paper Series 390, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    6. Joseph Abadi & Markus Brunnermeier & Yann Koby, 2023. "The Reversal Interest Rate," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(8), pages 2084-2120, August.
    7. Freriks, Jorien & Kakes, Jan, 2024. "Lessons from low interest rate policy: How did euro area banks respond?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    8. Yiping Huang & Xiang Li & Han Qiu & Changhua Yu, 2023. "Big tech credit and monetary policy transmission: micro-level evidence from China," BIS Working Papers 1084, Bank for International Settlements.
    9. Laeven, Luc & Maddaloni, Angela & Mendicino, Caterina, 2022. "Monetary and macroprudential policies: trade-offs and interactions," Research Bulletin, European Central Bank, vol. 92.
    10. Aleksander Berentsen & Romina Ruprecht & Hugo van Buggenum, 2023. "On the Negatives of Negative Interest Rates," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-064, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    11. Shuffield Seyram Asafo & Michal Moszynski, 2022. "The combined effects of monetary and macroprudential policies," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-20, September.
    12. Present, Thomas & Simoens, Mathieu & Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2023. "European bank margins at the zero lower bound," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    13. Andreeva, Desislava & Coman, Andra & Everett, Mary & Froemel, Maren & Ho, Kelvin & Lloyd, Simon & Meunier, Baptiste & Pedrono, Justine & Reinhardt, Dennis & Wong, Andrew & Wong, Eric & Żochowski, Dawi, 2025. "Negative rates, monetary policy transmission and cross-border lending via international financial centers," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    14. Vera Baye & Valeriya Dinger, 2025. "Monetary Policy and Real Estate Price Distortions: How Bank Lending Amplifies Housing Market Imbalances," IEER Working Papers 126, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, Osnabrueck University.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
    • F45 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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