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The Impact of Informal Caregiving on the Well-being of Older Adults in Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Moïse Drabo
  • Raquel Fonseca
  • Marie-Louise Leroux

Abstract

Informal care is a cornerstone of long-term care for older adults but may entail substantial psychological costs for caregivers. Using seven waves (2004–2022) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for 27 countries, we estimate the causal effect of providing regular personal care inside the household on depressive symptoms and quality of life. We estimate dynamic panel instrumental-variable (IV) models with country and wave fixed effects, exploiting the persistence of caregiving and using lagged indicators of caregiving provision as instruments to address reverse causality and unobserved heterogeneity. Our baseline estimates indicate that providing informal care increases depressive symptoms by about 25% and reduces quality of life by roughly 6% relative to non-caregivers. These adverse effects are strongest for spousal caregivers and when caregiving is sustained over time, and they persist even after caregiving ends. Robustness checks using alternative outcomes, subsamples, and specifications suggest that the well-being costs of informal caregiving are sizable and pervasive, underscoring the need for long-term care policies that explicitly account for the mental health burden placed on family caregivers. Les soins informels constituent un pilier de la prise en charge à long terme des personnes âgées, mais peuvent engendrer des coûts psychologiques importants pour les aidants. À partir de sept vagues (2004-2022) de l’enquête sur la santé, le vieillissement et la retraite en Europe (SHARE) menée dans 27 pays, nous estimons l’effet causal de la fourniture régulière de soins personnels à domicile sur les symptômes dépressifs et la qualité de vie. Nous estimons des modèles dynamiques de panel à variables instrumentales (VI) avec effets fixes pays et vague, en exploitant la persistance des soins et en utilisant des indicateurs décalés de la fourniture de soins comme instruments pour traiter la causalité inverse et l’hétérogénéité non observée. Nos estimations de base indiquent que la fourniture de soins informels augmente les symptômes dépressifs d’environ 25 % et réduit la qualité de vie d’environ 6 % par rapport aux personnes ne fournissant pas de soins. Ces effets néfastes sont plus marqués chez les conjoints aidants et lorsque les soins sont prodigués de manière prolongée ; ils persistent même après la fin des soins. Des tests de robustesse utilisant des résultats alternatifs, des sous-échantillons et des spécifications suggèrent que les coûts en matière de bien-être liés aux soins informels sont considérables et généralisés, soulignent la nécessité de politiques de soins de longue durée qui tiennent explicitement compte du fardeau de santé mentale représentant les aidants familiaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Moïse Drabo & Raquel Fonseca & Marie-Louise Leroux, 2026. "The Impact of Informal Caregiving on the Well-being of Older Adults in Europe," CIRANO Working Papers 2026s-04, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2026s-04
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    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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