IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cbo/wpaper/61549.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

How the Effects of Inflation on Households Varied by Income, 1984 to 2022: Working Paper 2025-04

Author

Listed:
  • Dorian Carloni

Abstract

Households at different points in the income distribution consume different bundles of goods and services. Changes in the prices of those goods and services differ from year to year, causing variations (on an annual basis and over longer periods) in the price of a typical consumption bundle purchased by households at different income levels. In this paper, the Congressional Budget Office estimates how the price of households' consumption bundles changed between 1984 and 2022. To do so, CBO used publicly available data from the Consumer Expenditures Survey and imputed

Suggested Citation

  • Dorian Carloni, 2025. "How the Effects of Inflation on Households Varied by Income, 1984 to 2022: Working Paper 2025-04," Working Papers 61549, Congressional Budget Office.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbo:wpaper:61549
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2025-08/61549-Inflation.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David R Baqaee & Ariel T Burstein & Yasutaka Koike-Mori, 2024. "Measuring Welfare by Matching Households across Time," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 139(1), pages 533-573.
    2. Xavier Jaravel & Danial Lashkari, 2024. "Measuring Growth in Consumer Welfare with Income-Dependent Preferences: Nonparametric Methods and Estimates for the United States," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 139(1), pages 477-532.
    3. David Argente & Munseob Lee, 2021. "Cost of Living Inequality During the Great Recession," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 19(2), pages 913-952.
    4. Marina Gindelsky & Robert Martin, 2025. "The Polarization of Personal Saving," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 71(1), February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tao Chen & Peter Levell & Martin O'Connell, 2025. "Measuring cost of living inequality during an inflation surge," IFS Working Papers W25/21, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    2. Tao Chen & Peter Levell & Martin O'Connell, 2024. "Cheapflation and the rise of inflation inequality," IFS Working Papers W36, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    3. Ampudia, Miguel & Ehrmann, Michael & Strasser, Georg, 2023. "The effect of monetary policy on inflation heterogeneity along the income distribution," Working Paper Series 2858, European Central Bank.
    4. Osbat, Chiara & Conflitti, Cristina & Eiglsperger, Martin & Goldhammer, Bernhard & Kuik, Friderike & Menz, Jan-Oliver & Rumler, Fabio & Moreno, Marta Saez & Segers, Lina & Wieland, Elisabeth & Bellocc, 2023. "Measuring inflation with heterogeneous preferences, taste shifts and product innovation: methodological challenges and evidence from microdata," Occasional Paper Series 323, European Central Bank.
    5. Kaplan, Greg & Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam, 2017. "Inflation at the household level," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 19-38.
    6. Weber, Michael & D'Acunto, Francesco & Fuster, Andreas, 2021. "Diverse Policy Committees Can Reach Underrepresented Groups," CEPR Discussion Papers 16563, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Jessica Piccolo & Yuriy Gorodnichenko, 2025. "Homeownership and Attention to Inflation: Evidence from Information Treatments," NBER Working Papers 33595, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Victoria Gregory & Elisabeth Harding, 2024. "Real Wage Growth at the Micro Level," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 106(2), pages 87-105, April.
    9. Michael Weber & Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Olivier Coibion, 2023. "The Expected, Perceived, and Realized Inflation of US Households Before and During the COVID19 Pandemic," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 71(1), pages 326-368, March.
    10. Raphael Auer & Ariel Burstein & Sarah Lein & Jonathan Vogel, 2024. "Unequal Expenditure Switching: Evidence from Switzerland," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 91(5), pages 2572-2603.
    11. Robert S. Martin, 2025. "Democratic Aggregation: Issues and Implications for Consumer Price Indexes," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 71(1), February.
    12. Gaurav Khanna & Munseob Lee, 2019. "High-Skill Immigration, Innovation, and Creative Destruction," NBER Chapters, in: The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, pages 73-98, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Carola Frydman & Raven Molloy, 2024. "A Real Great Compression: Inflation and Inequality in the 1940s," NBER Chapters, in: The Economic History of American Inequality: New Evidence and Perspectives, pages 45-84, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Yousef Makhlouf & Neil M. Kellard & Dmitri V. Vinogradov, 2025. "Banks, financial markets, and income inequality," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 117-133, January.
    15. Hinnosaar, Marit & Liu, Elaine M., 2022. "Malleability of Alcohol Consumption: Evidence from Migrants," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    16. Alberto Cavallo, 2024. "Inflation with Covid Consumption Baskets," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 72(2), pages 902-917, June.
    17. Bhardwaj,Abhishek & Ghose,Devaki & Mukherjee,Saptarshi & Singh,Manpreet, 2022. "Million Dollar Plants and Retail Prices," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9995, The World Bank.
    18. Cavallo, Alberto & Kryvtsov, Oleksiy, 2024. "Price discounts and cheapflation during the post-pandemic inflation surge," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(S).
    19. Baez Ramirez,Javier Eduardo & Inan,Osman Kaan & Nebiler,Metin, 2021. "Getting Real ? The Uneven Burden of Inflation across Households in Turkey," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9869, The World Bank.
    20. Christoph Lauper & Giacomo Mangiante, 2021. "Monetary policy shocks and inflation inequality," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'économie 21.02a, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, Département d’économie.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D30 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - General
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cbo:wpaper:61549. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cbogvus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.