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Sample Covariance Shrinkage for High Dimensional Dependent Data

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  • Sancetta, A.

Abstract

For high dimensional data sets the sample covariance matrix is usually unbiased but noisy if the sample is not large enough. Shrinking the sample covariance towards a constrained, low dimensional estimator can be used to mitigate the sample variability. By doing so, we introduce bias, but reduce variance. In this paper, we give details on feasible optimal shrinkage allowing for time series dependent observations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sancetta, A., 2006. "Sample Covariance Shrinkage for High Dimensional Dependent Data," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0637, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    • Handle: RePEc:cam:camdae:0637
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ledoit, Olivier & Wolf, Michael, 2004. "A well-conditioned estimator for large-dimensional covariance matrices," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 365-411, February.
    2. Andrews, Donald W K, 1991. "Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(3), pages 817-858, May.
    3. Doukhan, Paul & Louhichi, Sana, 1999. "A new weak dependence condition and applications to moment inequalities," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 313-342, December.
    4. Ledoit, Olivier & Wolf, Michael, 2003. "Improved estimation of the covariance matrix of stock returns with an application to portfolio selection," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 603-621, December.
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    2. Ansgar Steland, 2024. "Are minimum variance portfolios in multi-factor models long in low-beta assets?," Mathematics and Financial Economics, Springer, volume 18, number 6, December.
    3. Mark Fiecas & Jürgen Franke & Rainer von Sachs & Joseph Tadjuidje Kamgaing, 2017. "Shrinkage Estimation for Multivariate Hidden Markov Models," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 112(517), pages 424-435, January.
    4. Steland, Ansgar & von Sachs, Rainer, 2018. "Asymptotics for high-dimensional covariance matrices and quadratic forms with applications to the trace functional and shrinkage," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 128(8), pages 2816-2855.
    5. Monika Bours & Ansgar Steland, 2021. "Large‐sample approximations and change testing for high‐dimensional covariance matrices of multivariate linear time series and factor models," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 48(2), pages 610-654, June.
    6. Elliot Beck & Damian Kozbur & Michael Wolf, 2023. "Hedging Forecast Combinations With an Application to the Random Forest," Papers 2308.15384, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
    7. Gianluca De Nard & Damjan Kostovic, 2025. "Learning the shrinkage intensity: a data-driven approach for risk-optimized portfolios," ECON - Working Papers 470, Department of Economics - University of Zurich, revised Nov 2025.
    8. Cubadda, Gianluca & Guardabascio, Barbara, 2019. "Representation, estimation and forecasting of the multivariate index-augmented autoregressive model," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 67-79.
    9. Bernardini, Emmanuela & Cubadda, Gianluca, 2015. "Macroeconomic forecasting and structural analysis through regularized reduced-rank regression," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 682-691.
    10. Steland, Ansgar, 2020. "Testing and estimating change-points in the covariance matrix of a high-dimensional time series," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    11. Sancetta, Alessio, 2013. "Weak conditions for shrinking multivariate nonparametric density estimators," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 285-300.
    12. Ansgar Steland, 2018. "Shrinkage for covariance estimation: asymptotics, confidence intervals, bounds and applications in sensor monitoring and finance," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1441-1462, December.
    13. Steland, Ansgar & von Sachs, Rainer, 2016. "Asymptotics for High–Dimensional Covariance Matrices and Quadratic Forms with Applications to the Trace Functional and Shrinkage," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2016038, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    14. Fiecas , Mark & Franke, Jurgen & von Sachs, Rainer & Tadjuidje , Joseph, 2012. "Shrinkage Estimation for Multivariate Hidden Markov Mixture Models," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2012016, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).

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    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General

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